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Creation and evaluation of information resources in medicine
Janda, Aleš ; Kasal, Pavel (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee) ; Mihál, Vladimír (referee) ; Sumerauer, David (referee)
A field covering generation and evaluation of the medical information is a broad one. During my doctoral studies I focused on medical information mainly using the evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles. This approach leads to the use of currently best available medical data in the treatment of patients. The EBM methodology might be classified into two basic groups: afferent and efferent one. The afferent part is focused on development of information resources whereas the efferent one promotes optimal use of these resources and a critical application of the retrieved facts. Due to practical reasons (to limit extent of the text) I concentrated in the thesis on only one field of my activity. The text deals mainly with afferent part of EBM, namely with formation of a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of knowledge through compilation of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Compilation of systematic reviews of prognostic markers is discussed in a detail. It is a field not appropriately covered in the Czech literature. The practical outcome documented in the thesis is a description of the systematic review of immunohistochemical prognostic markers in intracranial ependymomas that was created and published by our research team. Compilation of this systematic review and meta-analysis was one of the...
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Characterization and utilization of feacal microflora components in experimental models of human civilisation diseases
Šrůtková, Dagmar ; Kozáková, Hana (advisor) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee) ; Mihál, Vladimír (referee)
Interaction between intestinal microbiota and host mucosal immune system plays crucial role in maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Dysbiosis, altered composition of microbial communities, has been shown to be associated with life-style diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or allergies. In this regard, probiotics are valuable tool for the improvement of gut microbiota disbalance and proper stimulation of the immune system. In this thesis we focused on taxonomical classification of Bifidobacterium longum human origin strains by PCR-based methods, in vitro characterization of immunomodulatory properties of selected Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains and evaluation of the beneficial effect of selected bacterial strains in IBD and allergy experimental mouse models. We investigated four different PCR-based methods and biochemical analysis for the taxonomical classification of twenty-eight B. longum isolates from the healthy human faeces. The Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis was the only method to be able to differentiate the analyzed strains into the B. longum/infantis subspecies. We showed that the analyzed immunostimulatory properties of bifidobacterial strains are strictly strain-specific. In a mouse model of acute ulcerative colitis, we have demonstrated that...
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Creation and evaluation of information resources in medicine
Janda, Aleš ; Kasal, Pavel (advisor) ; Hendl, Jan (referee) ; Mihál, Vladimír (referee) ; Sumerauer, David (referee)
A field covering generation and evaluation of the medical information is a broad one. During my doctoral studies I focused on medical information mainly using the evidence-based medicine (EBM) principles. This approach leads to the use of currently best available medical data in the treatment of patients. The EBM methodology might be classified into two basic groups: afferent and efferent one. The afferent part is focused on development of information resources whereas the efferent one promotes optimal use of these resources and a critical application of the retrieved facts. Due to practical reasons (to limit extent of the text) I concentrated in the thesis on only one field of my activity. The text deals mainly with afferent part of EBM, namely with formation of a qualitative and quantitative synthesis of knowledge through compilation of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Compilation of systematic reviews of prognostic markers is discussed in a detail. It is a field not appropriately covered in the Czech literature. The practical outcome documented in the thesis is a description of the systematic review of immunohistochemical prognostic markers in intracranial ependymomas that was created and published by our research team. Compilation of this systematic review and meta-analysis was one of the...
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Etiology of childhood acute leukemia
Burjanivová, Tatiana ; Zuna, Jan (advisor) ; Mihál, Vladimír (referee) ; Haškovec, Cedrick (referee)
Childhood acute leukaemias are a heterogeneous group of malignant diseases. Based on cell origin, clinical manifestations, and molecular/chromosomal changes, we distinguish two main subtypes: acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of childhood leukaemia. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is predominantly found in adults, being rarer in childhood. In the Czech Republic, the ALL is in childhood diagnosed approximately five times more often compared to AML. Despite the intensive research, aetiology of leukaemia has not been entirely clarified. So far, we only have knowledge of certain risk factors (ionising radiation, some chemicals and viruses) but in the vast majority of cases the aetiopathogenesis has not yet been made clear. Some of the answers may be provided by studies dealing with the presence of (pre)-leukaemic cells in a material archived prior to the clinical onset of the disease. Such are for example the so-called Guthrie cards, the dried blood samples collected immediately after birth and used in screening of the newborns for metabolic disorders. The better availability of material collected before the diagnosis of a secondary leukaemia (originally meant for the follow-up of the primary malignancy) might help us in better...
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