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Spirulina platensis effects on endothelial expression of P-selektin in mice
Králová, Monika ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
Monika Králová Spirulina platensis effects on endothelial expression of P-selectin in mice. Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Pharmacy Background: We studied endothelial expression of P-selectin in aorta of apoE-deficient mice after administration of Spirulina platensis. Expression of P-selectin was quantified by using stereological methods. Methods: We used C57BL/6J male mice with deficiency of apolipoprotein E (apoE-/- ) in the experiment. Mice were divided into two groups. The control group was fed by atherogenic diet with 1% of cholesterol for 8 weeks. Mice from the Spirulina platensis group were fed by the same atherogenic diet with the addition of 40 mg Spirulina platensis. We performed a biochemical analysis of blood. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in a 1 cm aortic sinus and the aortic arch. A series of cross sections with a thickness of 7 µm were cut for the immunohistochemistry and stereology. Detection of expression of P-selectin was performed by avidin-biotic method (ABC) with visualization by diaminobenzidin (DAB). Results: Biochemical analysis did not show significant changes in total cholesterol in mice treated with Spirulina in comparsion with control mice. Expression of P-selectin was observed in all mice. There were no...
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Nukleární receptory - studium nových ligandů a význam genové variability
Carazo Fernández, Alejandro ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee) ; Vrzal, Radim (referee)
IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE Candidate: Mgr. Alejandro Carazo Fernández Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, PhD. Title of the doctoral thesis: Nuclear receptors - new ligands study and importance of the genetic variability Nuclear receptors (NRs) constitute a superfamily of transcription factors, which regulate the expression of target genes upon the binding of a ligand. These receptors can be classified in steroid receptors, "orphan receptors" and "adopted orphan receptors" depending on the affinity to an endogenous ligand. Nuclear receptors play important roles in physiological processes and are widely distributed in the human body. Thus, adipogenesis, lipolysis, insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism, fatty acid homeostasis, cholesterol homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen homeostasis, triglyceride metabolism among other processes, are regulated by nuclear receptors. During my study, we have tested several sets of drugs, endogenous, natural and synthetic, in several nuclear receptors, focusing mainly on constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and to a lesser extent on pregnane X receptor (PXR). My main aim was to find a new and reliable ligand or activator for human CAR. In addition, I aimed to study the mechanism of action by which these compounds interact with the receptor and how they trigger...
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Alterations in gene expression of hepatobiliary transporters as potential mechanisms for drug-induced cholestasis by amoxicillin and clavulanic acid
Řepová, Veronika ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Řepová Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D., Prof. Ramiro Jover Atienza, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Alterations in gene expression of hepatobiliary transporters as potential mechanisms for drug-induced cholestasis by amoxicillin and clavulanic acid The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (AMO/CLA) represents one of the most frequent causes of the idiosyncratic type of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) nowadays. Despite difficulties in diagnosis and causality assessment, the clinical features have already been reported and in most of the cases categorized as cholestatic damages. Number of descriptions of the molecular mechanisms of drug-induced cholestasis has been rising recently and the role of hepatobiliary transporters has turned out to be crucial in the pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms of AMO/CLA-induced DILI at the molecular level still remain indistinct. In order to investigate the hepatotoxic effects of AMO/CLA and AMO alone in vitro, HepG2 and human Upcyte hepatocytes were used as hepatocellular models. The mRNA levels of key bile acid (BA) transporters, enzymes and nuclear receptors (NRs) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain...
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Development of novel cholinesterase modulators
Górecki, Lukáš ; Korábečný, Jan (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee) ; Roh, Jaroslav (referee)
Tittle: Development of novel cholinesterase modulators Author: Mgr. Lukáš Górecki Abstract The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key component in cholinergic synapses and at the neuromuscular junctions. Its physiological function is essential in humans, as well as in animal species, including insects. In pathological conditions, AChE is also involved in various disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or myasthenia gravis. The significance of the enzyme has also been demonstrated by its successful use as a target in insecticides. In addition, it is the key mediator in the manifestation of symptoms of intoxication after exposure to Chemical warfare agents (CWA) (Nerve agents; NA). Herein, I report my study of three different aspects of this enzyme: as an anti-AD target; as an insecticidal target; and as an enzyme to be reactivated after intoxication by organophosphorus compounds (OPCs). Since the introduction of tacrine in 1993 as an anti-AD drug, much attention has been paid to the development of novel AChE inhibitors; some, such as donepezil, have been successfully marketed. At present, there is still a need for efficient drugs against AD. As AD is a multifactorial disorder, it believed that it cannot be treated by simply targeting one pathological condition. Therefore, the so-called multi-target...
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Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on bile production
Hiršová, Petra ; Mičuda, Stanislav (advisor) ; Slanař, Ondřej (referee) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Effect of epigallocatechin gallate Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major green tea catechin, has been shown to be protective in various experimental models of liver injury. Since its effect on biliary physiology and liver cholesterol homeostasis has not been thoroughly studied, the present study investigated effect of EGCG on bile flow, bile acid homeostasis and cholesterol metabolism in healthy and ethinylestradiol-treated rats. Compared to controls, EGCG treatment in rats decreased bile flow by 23%. Hepatic paracellular permeability and biliary bile acid excretion were not altered by EGCG administration, but biliary glutathione excretion was reduced by 70%. Accordingly, the main glutathione transporter at the hepatocyte canalicular membrane, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), was significantly decreased at the protein level. Interestingly, EGCG markedly enhanced biliary excretion of cholesterol and phospholipids. These changes tightly correlated with increased expression of ATP- binding cassette transporter G5 and G8 (Abcg5/8) and scavenger receptor class B type 1 and with decreased expression of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (Acat2). EGCG administration to rats also doubled plasma bile acid concentrations compared to controls. While protein expression of the main...
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Study of Biological Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives
Svanovský, Evžen ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxikology Candidate: Mgr. Evžen Svanovský Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Ing. Milan Lázníček, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Study of biological properties of hyaluronic acid derivatives This PhD thesis, is dealing with physiological properties of Hyaluronic Acid labelled with 111 In isotope. HA is naturally occurring Glycosaminoglycan within organisms with many important functions on the cellular and organ level, including physiological and pathological processes. Its character of physiologically occurring substance makes its tracing in the organism very difficult. Thus preparation of suitable derivative and repeatable procedure of labelling of this molecule became the most important point of the whole work. During the experimental part DTPA-HA molecule created by CPN Dolni Dobrouč has been labelled using well-known method used for labelling of DTPA molecules with 111 In. A reproducible procedure has been created where 0,4 M Acetate buffer pH 5,5 is mixed with an equal volume of DTPA-HA purified by gel filtration and required amount of isotope 111 In and the whole mixture is mixed for 0,5 h. This method was used for labelling of DTPA-HA molecules of three different molecular weights 10, 100 and 400kDa,...
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Spirulina platensis effects on endothelial expression of ICAM-1 in mice
Maxová, Vladimíra ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
Vladimíra Maxová Effects of Spirulina platensis on endothelial expression of ICAM-1 in mice Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Pharmacy Background: The aim of this diploma thesis was to identify and describe effects of administration of Spirulina platensis on endothelial expression of ICAM-1 in apoE-deficient mice using immunohistochemical and stereological methods. Methods: We used strain C57BL/6J male mice deficient in apolipoprotein E, in age of 3 months. Mice were randomly divided into two groups, each of which was fed a special diet containing 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks. Spirulina platensis was added daily at a dose 40 mg to Spirulina-group mice. Biochemical analysis was performed in blood, and immunohistochemical and stereological analysis was performed of aorta. Detection of expression of ICAM-1 was carried out by using Avidin-Biotin Complex methodology (ABC) using diaminobenzidine detection (DAB). Results: Biochemical analysis revealed no effect of Spirulina treatment on levels of total cholesterol after 8 weeks when compared with non-treated mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed ICAM-1 expression in all mice in the experiment. The expression was visible in luminal endothelial cells, and also inside atherosclerotic lesions. No difference...
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Changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides in cholestasis associated with other markers of pathological processes in hepatocytes.
Petr, Tomáš ; Muchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee) ; Befekadu, Asfaw (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of glycosphingolipids in the rat liver in different types of cholestasis and the effect of oxidative stress on changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides. First, it was necessary to optimize the immunochemical detection of glycosphingolipids. GM1 ganglioside was selected as a representative of a large glycolipid family. We found that minimum water content in the fixing solution was a key condition for fixation of histological sections. Optimized method of GM1 detection was subsequently used in in vivo experiments. We have demonstrated that estrogen-induced cholestasis characterized by high concentrations of bile acids and increased oxidative stress caused changes in the synthesis and distribution of liver gangliosides. HMOX induction is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress level and accompanied by normalization in GSL content. In experiments with obstructive cholestasis, we found that changes in the distribution and synthesis of gangliosides were not strictly specific to a particular type of cholestasis. We assume that it represents a general mechanism of hepatoprotection. We also confirmed the important role of bilirubin, product of HMOX reaction, in protection of hepatocytes against oxidative damage caused by high concentrations of...
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The influence of individual genetic predisposition to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chosen opioids
Matoušková, Olga ; Perlík, František (advisor) ; Votava, Martin (referee) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
MUDr. Olga Matoušková - the dissertation theses The influence of individual genetic predisposition to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chosen opioids ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this thesis is to study the influence of polymorphism of CYP2D6 and MDR1 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tramadol in healthy volunteers using measurement. A secondary objective is to evaluate these polymorphisms in relation to the analgesic efficacy and side effects of piritramide for acute postoperative pain. Materials and methods: In two prospective work studying the influence of genetic predisposition on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of tramadol, we included a total of 90 healthy volunteers. Clinical studies on opioid analgesia and influence of genetic predisposition to the pharmaco-therapeutic effects and side effects in patients with acute postoperative pain, we included a total of 161 patients with acute postoperative pain. Polymorphism genotyping CYP2D6 and MDR1 gene we performed PCR - RFLP analysis, to determine concentrations of tramadol and metabolite, we used gas and liquid chromatography and pharmacodynamic effects of opioids was evaluated by pupilometric measurement and visual analogue scale. Results and conclusion: Variability of the opioid effect is influenced by...
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