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Premature mortality - possibilities of analysis and basic international comparison
Brečkayová, Žaneta ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
Premature mortality - possibilities of analysis and basic international comparison Abstract Premature mortality can be perceived in various ways in the present day. This study introduces basic approaches to premature mortality and discusses the most well-known methods employed by numerous significant international and regional organizations for public health analysis. The study primarily focuses on two commonly used indicators that collectively express the number of years lost due to premature mortality, describing their specific characteristics and main principles. These indicators are Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Potential Years of Life Lost (YPLL). The study also includes the definition of avoidable and unavoidable mortality. In the practical part of the study, a comparison of selected methods for analyzing premature mortality is conducted using the examples of the Czechia and Slovakia in 2019. The results indicate that the specific choice of premature mortality definition and the method used for its calculation have a significant impact on the assessment of premature mortality levels. Key Words: Premature mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL), Years of Life Lost (YLLs), avoidable mortality, Czechia, Slovakia Number of characters without blank spaces: 71 260
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Factors affecting prevalence of physical fuctional limitation among European population
Hrabcová, Tereza ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Hrkal, Jakub (referee)
Factors affecting prevalence of physical fuctional limitation among European population Abstract Walking difficulties have a major impact on everyday life. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to find factors that influence the prevalence of walking limitations. It also dealt with the impact of walking limitations on quality of life and how the prevalence of these health problems varies across European populations. binary logistic regression, which was the main statistical method, involved respondents aged 25 years and older who participated in the EHIS study in 2019. All sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors examined appeared to be risk factors, except neck disorders, which became protective in the final model. No significant differences were found between the genders. It was also found that the most risky factors that influenced quality of life analyzed using self-rated health assessment and the appereance of depressive symptoms were confirmed walking limitations, together with pain and depressive symptoms. Based on age-standardized prevalence rates of walking limitations and healthy life years without walking limitations, Europe was found to be polarized into Western and Eastern countries, with populations in Eastern countries burdened by walking difficulties significantly more than...
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Impact of socioeconomic and social factors on subjective well-being among Czech population
Tmějová, Kateřina ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Hanzlová, Radka (referee)
The main concern of this thesis is the impact of selected socioeconomic and social factors on subjective well-being of individuals in the Czech population. This thesis thus explains and describes the concept of well-being and summarizes the factors that can influence it. Using data from survey EU-SILC 2018 of Czechia, the effect of selected socioeconomic and social factors on the level of well-being of an individual is analysed using a multinomial logistic regression method. Both individually and when all selected factors interact. The analysis found that the level of education, the level of income and the quality of housing of an individual significantly affect the level of life satisfaction. The significant effect of an individual's social ties on the level of life satisfaction was found to be the most significant when socioeconomic and social factors impacted on the level of life satisfaction. Another objective was to analyse the relationship between an individual's life satisfaction and self-rated health. This relationship was found to be reciprocal, meaning that the level of life satisfaction of an individual has an impact on his subjective health evaluation and vice versa. The thesis also compares the prevalence of life satisfaction of the Czech population with other populations that also...
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Factors affecting prevalence of pain among European population
Míšková, Markéta ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Žejglicová, Kristýna (referee)
Pain is a part of many people's lives and can also affect them in significant ways. This paper examined various factors that are related to the prevalence of pain in the European population. The aim was to identify these factors and describe the differences between the population groups. The analyses involved individuals aged 20 years and older who participated in the 2019 European Health Interview Survey. The association between selected demographic, sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as between lifestyle factors and pain prevalence, was analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. Attention was also paid to the relationship between mental health and pain prevalence. It was found that women are more prone to the occurrence of pain as well as persons of advanced age. Although married people show a lower risk of suffering from pain, the impact of living with a partner on the incidence of pain is quite contradictory. The association between this variable and pain prevalence varies depending on control variables. More educated persons are less likely to report prevalence of pain. In turn, unhealthy lifestyle activities, other than alcohol consumption, are considered to be risk factors. Also, individuals with severe symptoms of depression have a higher likelihood of...
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Owerwight and Obesity as a Risk Factor for Cancer and Diabetes
Rožeková, Katarína ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
The present thesis contains a set of three related articles dealing with the influence of one of the most important risk factors namely overweight (BMI≥25kg/m2 ) and obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2 ) on mortality intensity of selected types of malignant neoplasms and prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. (I) The first published article analyzed the attributable risk of population death for selected malignant neoplasms in 2016, which could be attributed to excessive BMI in the Czech population from 2008 according to sex. (II) In the second submission, the analysis was expanded, estimating and comparing mortality in the Czech and Slovak populations and between different age categories. The present studies were analyzed using the population attribute fraction (PAF). (III) The aim of the last analysis was to determine the prevalence of diabetes (DM) and pre-diabetes in the Czech population and to assess their risk factors. In their studies, the authors point to the continuing and growing problem of obesity and its consequences across Europe. They thus contribute to a deeper understanding of the long-term risk factor involved and the design of measures for the planning and subsequent implementation of prevention. The present analyzes were also published in "Demography" (I), "Epidemiology, Microbiology,...
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Trends in stroke mortality in Czechia in the period 1995-2021
Prystaszová, Adéla ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
Stroke is one of the most common causes of death in Czechia. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyse trends in stroke mortality between 1995 and 2021 using data from the Czech Statistical Office. Standardized mortality rates, age-specific mortality rates, simple proportion calculations and two-dimensional decomposition method were used for this purpose. The thesis describes a significant decrease in the overall intensity of stroke mortality and intensity by age groups, as well as notable impact of stroke on the increase in life expectancy at birth. Furthermore, the thesis examines changes in the position of stroke among other causes of death, including cardiovascular diseases. The regional differentiation of stroke mortality is also analysed, revealing significant internal variability within Czechia. Additionally, the mortality trends of two main stroke types, ischaemic and haemorrhagic, are briefly outlined. Analysis of differences between men and women is included throughout the whole thesis. Keywords: mortality, stroke, standardized mortality rates, decomposition, Czechia Trends in stroke mortality in Czechia in the period 1995-2021
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Geodemographic aspects of the take-up, provision, and availability of the selected healthcare services in Czechia
Brázová, Kateřina ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee) ; Býma, Svatopluk (referee)
Geodemographic aspects of the take-up, provision, and availability of the selected healthcare services in Czechia Abstract This work focuses on finding connections and monitoring differences in the area of take-up, provision, and availability of the selected health services in Czechia, especially from a geodemographic point of view. The main goal is to describe and evaluate the influence of basic demographic aspects, age and sex, on take-up, provision, and availability of health services, and also to clarify regional differences. This issue has so far been studied relatively limited in the Czech environment. The work mainly concerns the segment of outpatient care, which is an irreplaceable component of the healthcare system, namely specializations of general practice, outpatient diabetology, cardiology, and psychiatry. Particularly data from the General Health Insurance Company of the Czech Republic (VZP ČR) were used, which contained detailed anonymised information on take-up, provision and availability of health services. Based on these data, methods of a quantitative character were applied. The findings confirm global trends and also offer new insights for further examination of the issue. Keywords: health services, physicians, patients, age structure, demographic ageing, regional differences, Czechia
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Sexuality among elderly in Czechia
Marková, Gabriela ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Janečková, Hana (referee)
Sexual activity in older age has been associated with positive impacts on physical and mental health. However, the topic of sex life is still very taboo in older age, and there are very few studies and research devoted to it. This thesis dealt with sexual activity of older people in the Czech Republic. The research used data from the national questionnaire of the SHARE study (8th wave; 2019-2020), which included a block of questions on sexuality (frequency, importance, desire). The relationship between sexual activity and selected characteristics was analysed using binary logistical regression. The main objectives of this thesis were to compile an overview of the prevalence of sexual activity of different groups of older people in the Czech Republic and to find factors that influence sexual activity of older adults. Information about their sexual activity was provided by 2107 respondents. A low prevalence of sexual activity was found (21,8 %). Sexual activity differed between the sexes, and conversely the presence of a partner in the home did not play a role in prevalence. In the analysed sample of respondents, it was confirmed that attitudes about sexual desire and sexual importance had the greatest influence on sexual activity than, for example, biomedical factors such as health or psychological status....
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Effect of noise annoyance on residents near Vaclav Havel Airport
Fuková, Jana ; Čermák, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the effect of noise annoyance on residents near Vaclav Havel Airport. Noise is a proven risk to human health, long-term exposure causes for example hearing impairment, sleep disorders, cardiovascular disease or annoyance. This term includes all negative feelings associated with the perception of noise. Noise annoyance can result in bad mood, reduced motivation and performance. Firstly the thesis deals with the negative effects of noise in general, but more attention is paid to traffic noise, with emphasis on air transport. Air transport, which is a very popular mode of transport, is a serious source of noise pollution. And although there has been a sharp drop in air transport demand due to the covid-19 pandemic, it is now possible to see rising demand again and thus a resurgence in noise. The aim of this thesis is to find out what effect noise annoyance from air transport has on the inhabitants of the municipalities surrounding Vaclav Havel Airport. In the practical part, the opinions of residents living near the airport (noise protection zone) will be obtained using a questionnaire survey and then compared with the answers of people from Kladno region as an area further away from the airport and less affected by noise from air transport and airport operations. The...
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Analysis of associations between multiple causes of death using methods of network analysis
Ukolova, Elizaveta ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
The aim of the thesis is the application of network analysis methods in the study of relationships between multiple causes of death. As a result of increasing life expectancy and of the growing proportion of people dying from chronic diseases in developed countries, the analysis of multiple causes of death may be a relevant topic, as this approach makes it possible to analyse the circumstances of dying, not just the single cause initiating the entire disease chain leading to death. The purpose of this work is to construct the system of causes of death, in which the complexity of the relationships between the causes of death reported on the death certificate would be captured. First network is created from the first part of the death certificate, and we distinguish between the "causing" condition and the consequent one in a pair of multiple causes of death. The second network is designed for the second part of the death certificate, and in this network, we do not differentiate the direction of the link. Networks are then analysed with various centrality measures and community detection, and we also examine neighbours of selected diseases. Essential part of the thesis is the explanatory analysis of multiple causes of death, because it determines methods later used in network analysis. It was found...
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