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Water retention in the Úhlavka catchment area
Lukášová, Karolína ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
Water retention in the landscape is a very current topic these days. Thanks to a warming climate, we have to deal with hydrological extremes, erosion, or accelerated water runoff. If we choose to improve the retention capacity of the landscape, we can help transform flood waves, slow down runoff, and mitigate soil water erosion. In the agricultural landscape, we solve the mentioned problems by combining near natural measures and technical measures. This master thesis focuses on water retention in the Úhlavka basin, which is located in western Bohemia and forms a tributary of the Mže River. In the theoretical part, the physical-geographic properties of the area of interest and the rainfall-runoff process are characterized. A literature research is also carried out regarding retention, its components, and the factors influencing it. Furthermore, the individual types of measures that can be used to improve the state of retention in the landscape are also listed. The practical part offers a process of choosing a specific area for proposals in the Úhlavka basin. The Olešná basin was chosen, where the majority of the land cover is agricultural and, thanks to its geomorphological properties, it was also included in the list of critical areas. Three grassed strips, a swale, and strips of crops rotation...
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Civil liability of expert witnesses
Lukášová, Karolína ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Civil liability of expert witnesses Abstract This diploma thesis aims to point out the risks related to expert assessments as well as describe the kinds of harm that the violation of expert's duties can cause. Furthermore, the thesis also presents the options for seeking redress in such cases. The new legislation which came into force in the beginning of 2021 brought many important changes. The main objective of the new act in the expert witness area is to set precise and detailed rules for the expert assessments and to raise the standard of expert reports. One of the instruments used to achieve this objective is the strengthening of the liability of experts, including the implementation of the civil liability of experts for damage caused by the professional services offered. Even though the concept of liability of expert witnesses for damage is not completely unknown in the Czech Republic, legal literature has neglected this topic so far. In contrast, articles related to the public liability of experts can be found regularly. Due to the different purpose of criminal and administrative proceedings, an individual has no guaranteed subjective right to claim for redress and compensation in these proceedings. That is why such rights must exist within private law. The diploma thesis presents a detailed analysis...
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Hydrological drought in the upper Mže catchment area
Lukášová, Karolína ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
Nowadays drought is a very actual topic. Hydrological drought is most often caused by a deficit of precipitation and it has been missing almost one year of rain in some areas in Czechia. This bachelor thesis focuses on the analysis of this type of drought in the upper Mže River basin, which is located in West Bohemia. In the basin there are these five gauging stations: VD Lučina and Stříbro on the Mže River, Planá on Hamerský brook, Třebel on Kosový brook and Stříbro on the Úhlavka River. The theoretical part defines the area of interest in terms of physiographic and runoff conditions. Furthermore, a research of the current knowledge about drought, its causes and impacts is performed. The practical part follows with the analysis, using data of the average daily discharges from gauging stations and two methods - threshold limit method and deficit volumes. Results are based on a mutual comparison of the stations and hydrological years. The biggest drought on the Mže River was registred in the period 1934-1935, since 1970s natural discharges were improved due to the built dam. The period 2018-2019 can be considered as driest years for the whole river basin. Key words: upper Mže River basin, hydrological drought, runoff, precipitation, physiographic conditions
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Assessment of the impact of pathogens on larch bark beetle (Ips cembrae) female fertility
Klačmerová, Zuzana ; Lukášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Vanická, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the assessment of the impact of pathogens on larch bark beetle (Ips cembrae) female fertility. In 2015 there was a research being done where the numbers of laid eggs from healthy and infected female beetles were compared. During March and April in three locations of Central Bohemian region some larch trees were cut down, used as traps and left at sunny spots, covered with branches. The collecting of samples was done in June, after the female beetles laid their eggs. First part of the research was a dissection of internal organs that was done on collected female beetles from these locations. Second part of the research was done on their laid eggs. The total number of examined beetles that were used for this research is 381. All these samples were carefully examined under microscopes in CULS laboratory in Prague. The pathogens that were found can be classified as commonly parasitic pathogens for the larch bark beetle. My own research did not prove that the infested female beetles would lay less eggs than healthy ones. Exception is Rakovník location, where was recorded higher number of laid eggs in females without nematodes, and female infected by Chytridiopsis typographi created significantly longer maternal galleries than healthy ones.
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Diprionids of the genus Gilpinia living on spruce in the Czech Republic
Penzešová, Markéta ; Lukášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Holuša, Jaroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the occurrence of diprionids Gilpinia species associated with the spruce throughout the Czech Republic. In 2015 there was research carried out to map the abundance and frequency of the diprionids. There were Malaise traps - model Townes (1972) installed on 12 locations in spruce forests in early May. There were samples picked up in irregular intervals of 14 days until mid-July. Once all the samples had been collected in the laboratory of CULS in Prague the diprionids were sorted from all the other insects and their type and gender was determined. In total there were 4 specimens caught from Gilpinia polytoma out of which 2 were males and 2 were females. No other diprionids Gilpinia species were found. The results were analysed statistically and the catches were compared with the catches between years 1997-2003 on some identical locations. Further this bachelor thesis deals with leaf-eating insects, bionomic of species found in the Czech Republic. From the results of our study and other studies made in other countries we do not expect the gradation or significant forest damage by these pests in forthcoming years in the Czech Republic. Conversely bionomics of some diprionids on spruce seems to be quite unstudied and finding them can be thought of as rare.
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Pathogens of bark beetle Dendroctonus micans (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Fabiánová, Barbora ; Holuša, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lukášová, Karolina (referee)
The thesis deals with determination of species spectrum of the pathogens which infest bark beetle Dendroctonus micans. The aim of the thesis was to determinate species spectrum of the pathogens in the tract of the bark beetles D. micans. Specimens were obtained from Liptovský Hrádok in Slovakia. Collection of the specimens took place on four localities in the April in the year 2015. The specimens were storage in freezer at -17°C. In total 154 bark beetle were dissected. Female beetles were more frequent than male beetle. Female beetles were 123 and male only 8 at 23 sample were not possible to determine sex gender of beetles. After dissection of all specimens, was discovered in 88 cases only one pathogen, intestinal Nematoda. Any other pathogen was not discovered. The other benefit of the thesis was ecplored the speculation of possibility to use pathogens effectively and safe in biological fight againts D. micans.
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Comparsion of treated logs and pheromone traps on spruce bark beetle in hills
Petrák, Karel ; Holuša, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lukášová, Karolína (referee)
Purpose of this thesis was comparing of spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) trapping methods in uplands. In six areas in region of Neveklov, there were installed pairs of devices, namely a slot trap type Theysohn and a poisoned tripod trap tree with pheromone evaporator. During the swarming activity of bark beetles, from April to the end of September 2015, the traps were controlled and bark beetles captured and counted. Evaluation is based on laboratory determination, number of captured beetles and determination of sex ratio. It was also made an economical comparison of both methods. During this study was captured in total 34.495 pieces of spruce bark beetle in two generations. Statistically there was no difference between number of captured beetles into slot traps or into tripod traps.
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Evaluation of the pheromone lure efficiency to trapping of the clerid beetles of genus Thanasimus
Zachová, Zuzana ; Lukášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Holuša, Jaroslav (referee)
This work was focused on the comparison of the clerid beetles genus Thanasimus trapped in pheromone trap and poisoned trap (tripod) and comparison of spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) flight activity with his predators genus Thanasimus during the swarming in the spring.We were using two different methods during out trapping.. The first method was the poisoned trap = tripod baited with the lure Pheroprax and the second was barrier trap baited with lure Thanasiwit. Both traps were placed in the same locality. Individual species were monitored during their spring swarming through regular withdrawals.
The research showed that the tripod clerid beetles responded significantly more - 67 individuals than to the plate trap - 4 individuals. Clerid beetles flight activity was lasting during the entire observation period and culminated on June 9, 2015. The species T. femoralis dominated in the trapping of clerid beetles, however, his flight acitvity did not correlate with the flight activity of I. typographus. The species T. formicarius flight activity correlated positively with the spruce bark beetle during the spring swarming on the other hand.
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Comparsion of spruce sawfly of the genus Pachynematus and Pikonema in mountains after 10 years
Horáková, Eliška ; Holuša, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lukášová, Karolína (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the important pests of spruce . The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge and information about tenthredinds the genus Pikonema and Pachynematus further concentrates on the method of trapping tenthredinds. The occurence and species composition of tenthredinds in three mountainous areas in the Czech republic is monitored in the practical part. It is the site of Albrechtice, Trojmezná and Medvědín. Malaise traps Townes type for catching insects were installed in the period from early May to early July on selected localities. The traps were checked every fortnight. When checking was always supplemented pure alcohol. After sorting and determination of tenthredinds data were processed by the statistical program, which confirmed the numerical superiority of males over females and overall numerical serenity of the occurrence of the tenthredinds. The numbers of Pikonema pallescens and Pachynematus scutellatum are lower, but the results are not statistically significantly different.
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Comparison of spruce sawflies of the genus Pristiphora in the mountains after 10 years
Englártová, Šárka ; Holuša, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lukášová, Karolína (referee)
The presence of sawfly Pristiphora was observed in mountain areas in 2015, particularly in Beskydy (Bařiny), Šumava (Královský Hvozd) and Krušné hory (Klínovec). Observation was carried out in there mentioned areas in young spruce stands.Sawflies were cathed help by Malaise trap. Locations were controled every 14 days from April to July 2015. Sawflies were categorized into species and then by gender. At the end results were obtained by statistic program, which confirmed close dependance between flying activity of sawflies and spruce sprouting.
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