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Fertility postponement in the Czech Republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015
Tovarová, Lenka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Fertility postponement in the Czech republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015 Abstract We have been able to observe the trend of shifting of maternity to later periods of life in European countries since the second half of the 20th century. However crucial for this thesis is to determine whether there have been disparity in delaying of maternity between selected Eastern European (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland) and Western European (Germany and Austria) countries since 1990 till present. The goal of this work is to find the relationship among setting of family policies, fertility rate of older women and respondents' views. In the first part of this thesis are outlined basic theories explaining postponing of maternity. There are also listed consequences related to the late maternity. The thesis touches a topic of family policies which influence the phenomenon of late maternity. It presents several fundamental tools of family policies and compares them among selected countries. The second part focuses on a description of demographic indicators that demonstrate the shift in timing of maternity. The main analysis in this thesis is a logistic regression, which explains respondent's views on issues related to a harmonization of family and employment by selected explanatory variables from...
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Fertility development in selected European countries considering the timing effect from the second half of the 20th century to the present
Ženíšková, Aneta ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Fertility development in selected European countries considering the timing effect from the second half of the 20th century to the present The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the influence of the timing effect on the mean age of mothers at childbirth in the context of fertility development in selected European countries from the second half of the 20th century to the present. Another objective is to adjust the total fertility rate to the timing effect and consequently demonstrated how changes in fertility timing affect this period measure in selected countries at a given time fame. The last objective is an evaluation of the views of respondents from studied countries from the sample survey of the European Social Survey for the years 2004 and 2010 to the questions relating to the reconciliation of work and family as one of the factors affecting the timing of fertility. On the basis of Esping-Andersen's typology of welfare states, following states are selected: Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. Changes of the mean age of mothers at childbirth are given not only by real changes in the timing of childbearing (the timing effect), but also by changes in the childbearing according to the birth order (the effect of fertility structure). The method of decomposition was used for...
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The Size and Structure of Families and Households in Australia during the period 1991-2031
Čížková, Barbora ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The Size and Structure of Families and Households in Australia during the period 1991-2031 Abstract Diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of changes in the size and structure of families and private households in Australia between years 1991-2011. Furthermore, it also tries to predict the possible future development in their size, number and structure in 2012-2031. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Australian states and territories. The analysis in this thesis is primary based on censuses. In the first part there are outlines of theories of family and second the demographic transition. There is also focus on Australian indigenous people, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, as the organization of family life and households differs from the European system. Attention is also paid to demographic development of Australia and its states and territories in 1991-2011, because it is an important precondition of the analysis of changes in the size and structure of families and households. For the projection of private households was used modified method of the headship rates model called the standard propensity model. The results suggest that in the period 1991-2011, the number of private households increased in Australia. The smallest increase occurred in the number of couple families with children...
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Fertility and preschool childcare in the Czech republic and chosen European countries
Kociánová, Gabriela ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Velková, Alice (referee)
Fertility and preschool childcare in the Czech Republic and chosen European countries Abstract The objective of this study is to compare level of fertility and accessibility of childcare in the Czech Republic and chosen countries during period 1998-2014, and also to evaluate Czech Republic among chosen states. Furthermore aim of this study is also to evaluate whether the Barcelona Targets in childcare are in the chosen states met. Countries for this study were chosen on the basis of typology of family policy, they include France, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Portugal and Austria. Data used in this study are primarily from the Human Fertility Database, Eurostat Database, and OECD Family Database. For analyzing fertility and accessibility of childcare are used mainly indicators of the total fertility rate, decomposition of general fertility rate and enrollment rates in pre-primary education. Moreover indexes summarizing key features of family policies and preschool childcare are computed for year 2011. In the context of level of fertility two groups of countries are defined. France, the United Kingdom and Sweden are countries with higher level of fertility while Austria, Portugal and the Czech Republic are countries with lower level of fertility. Concerning the level of accessibility of preschool childcare, in...
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Global trends in HIV/AIDS mortality
Aubrecht, Vratislav ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is focused on the development of HIV/AIDS mortality in the world starting from the year 1990 and the main goal is estimating the possible future development of the number of inhabitants of the world and defined regions and the influence of HIV/AIDS on the number of inhabitants up to the year 2065. The possible number of HIV/AIDS deaths and people, who were not born because of HIV and AIDS, is computed up to this year. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the most important institutions, which include fight against HIV and AIDS as a part of ther programme, are presented. Natural history of HIV infection and the successes in the research of HIV vaccine are described. In the analytical part, the demographic reproduction of the population of the world and selected regions between years 1950 and 2010 is described, followed by population projection of the world and regions up to year 2065 using the cohort component method. The projection is created in four variants. The first one eliminates the HIV/AIDS mortality. The second one is the constant variant, which conserve the level of HIV/AIDS mortality from the year 2010 up to the year 2065. Last two variants, higher and lower, consider changing levels of HIV/AIDS mortality at time. According to the results of this population projection,...
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Fertility development in the USA
Fialová, Lucie ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Janáková Kuprová, Barbora (referee)
Fertility development in the USA Abstract The aim of this theses is to analyse the development of a fertility rate in the USA. As a tool for this analysis I am using the following indicators: total fertility rate, age specific fertility rate and mean age at birth. The population of United States of America is very heterogeneous therefore it is important to take the racial and ethnic differentiation into account when analysing fertility. Every racial/ethnic group is unique and has its own demographic behaviour. Because the fertility rate also varies in different states, this work has one part on regional differences in fertility rate. This theses also includes a chapter on demographic theories, such as the first and second demographic transition and the lowest-low fertility. Theories describe and explain changes in reproductive behaviour of the population. Keywords: Age specific fertility rate, total fertility rate, mean age at birth
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The financial balance of the preschool child care system in the Czech Republic
Ruml, Jiří ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
The thesis deals with the development of availability of preschool childcare in the Czech Republic after 1990 and its relation to the harmonization of family and working life of women. The aim of this work is to identify possible future perspectives of this development and its potential impact on the economy of the country. In the introduction, it is firstly outlined how the demographic development and the approach to family policy changed in the Czech Republic after 1990. After that follow a specification of the system of preschool care in the Czech Republic and an analysis of development of the availability of preschool childcare and of employment of women in the labour market. For the estimation of future development, a projection of potential candidates for preschool care services and a projection of expected number of mothers with young children in 2020 are conducted. The results of the projections indicate that the current capacity of kindergartens could be sufficient already in the school year 2019/2020, in the context of the decreasing number of live births. Nevertheless, the Czech Republic is likely to fail to fulfil timely the objectives of the European Union for the minimum participation of children in preschool education based on the Barcelona criteria and the strategy Europe 2020. Insufficient...
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Time use dependent on presence of children in household for generation 40s to 70s of the 20th century in the United States of America
Slabá, Jitka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Time use dependent on presence of children in household for generation 40s to 70s of the 20th century in the United States of America Abstract: The fertility of women has declined under reproduction level 2.1 children per women in economic developed countries during the last few decades. At the same time the employment of women has risen and time use has changed. Main aim of this thesis is to understand how generations born in 1940-1979 living in the USA changed the spending of their time. The AHTUS data set is analysed by comparing averages of times spent by total work, paid work, unpaid work and child care. The time spent by total work declined between generations born at 40s and 70s. Average time spent by paid work declined too. The men's average time spent by unpaid work increased and women's average time decreased. In spite of fertility decrease between 40s and 70s generations, the women's and men's time spent by childcare extremely increased. The men's time spent by child care increased five times, while women's time spent by child care increased more than three times. The rise of time spent by child care is realized by increasing in primary and secondary activities. Primary activities contain time spent by childcare, secondary activities include all activities where childcare was declared e as a...
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Application of demographic methods in data analysis of pension company clients at the time of the pension reform
Laušmanová, Barbora ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Application of demographic methods in data analysis of pension company clients at the time of the pension reform Abstract This thesis presents the analysis of structure of existing insurance portfolio and its behaviour during saving for pension at the time before pension reform and after. The dataset has been provided by pension company which is present on the Czech market. The aim of this text is to show possibilities of using demographic methods in analyses of clients which can serve for developing business goals or marketing strategies. In the theoretical part of the thesis is described pension system in the Czech Republic and its reform and it also discuss relationship between applied demography and commercial sphere. Analytical part presents results of the study by using several demographic methods. These methods showed dependence of size and structure of insurance portfolio on the demographic evolution in the Czech Republic and also differences between clients of each pension products. The use of survival analysis enabled to observe clients' behaviour during their active saving period, especially the time of saving itself. The risk of termination of saving was then constructed by Cox proportional hazard model in the dependence on demographic and geographic characteristics. For observing the intensity...
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Unemployment in the Czech Republic and EU: methodology, trends and structure
Čebiš, Tomáš ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Unemployment in the Czech Republic and EU: methodology, trends and structure Abstract Unemployment is one of the most debated issues of our time. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and describe the development of unemployment in the Czech Republic by demographic attributes and then make a comparison with selected countries of the European Union. The work is divided into theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part describes the methodology and unemployment. The analytical part deals with the development of unemployment in the Czech Republic from various demographic characteristics using data from the Czech Statistical Office and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. In the second part of the analysis compares the evolution of unemployment in the Czech Republic and in selected European Union countries using data from the European Statistical Office. For the analysis are used appropriate indicators. Keywords: unemployment, methodology, trends, age, sex, education, Czech Republic, European Union
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