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Addiction in people with the spinal cord lesions Questionnaire survey
Egemová, Olga ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: In Czech Republic, the use of addictive substances in the general population is regularly evaluated. In people with spinal cord lesions, the issue of substance abuse is not sufficiently mapped. Difficulty to get feedback can also play a role in this regard. There are many factors for possible risky behavior in people with spinal cord lesions. In Czech Republic, there are several aftercare facilities that comprehensively address clients with spinal cord lesions. In these facilities, obtaining feedback from this specific group of clients would help get better target interventions and set up other specific services for the monitored subpopulation. Objectives: The main goal of the research was to map the issue of dependence on legal and illegal addictive substances in a group of people with spinal cord injuries after injury or illness. A secondary goal was the feedback from the Centre's clients on whether and how they would use addictology counseling. Methods: Data for quantitative research were obtained by voluntary questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were gradually obtained from the centre's clients in person between the three waves of the covid epidemic between 2020 and 2021. The research sample consisted of a total of 106 respondents aged between 18 to 77 years. Anonymous...
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Prevalence of substance use among regular listeners of different music genres: a questionnaire survey
Sofilkanyčová, Edita ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: Music is an essential part of human life. Substance use is often associated with music artists, but research has shown that the risk extends to their listeners. Studies show that the genres at risk include rock, pop, techno and rap. Listeners, especially during adolescence, may be influenced by this music and as a result be prone to various types of risky behaviour. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of substance use among listeners of different music genres, i.e. how substance use differs among listeners of different genres and to what extent they use substances. A further aim was to determine the CAGE screening questionnaire scores designed to assess the riskiness of drinking. Further, the research focused on the prevalence of lifetime dance drug use and subsequently in the nightclub setting. Methods: An online questionnaire inspired by the European Model Questionnaire was used for data collection, which contains a set of questions assessing the prevalence of substance use at lifetime, 12-month and 30-day intervals. Descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis. Results: In the sample of people with a preference for one of the twelve music genres, the highest number of people were fans of pop and rock, and the lowest number of people were fans of...
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Arnoštka Maťová, life and professional contribution not only to Apolinar
Bauerová, Hana ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: The Czech addiction treatment system is closely connected with the creation and development of the Apolinar model and with the name of Jaroslav Skála. Without a doubt, other people from the team around Jaroslav Skála had a great influence on the form of treatment and the entire treatment model, especially Skála's long-time work and life partner Arnoštka Maťová. Targets: Create a basic overview of Arnoštka Maťová's professional life and her contribution to the treatment of alcohol addiction. Methodology: A content analysis of written materials from publicly available sources and some publicly available audio-visual recordings was carried out. Results: Arnoštka Maťová was one of the founders of the systematic treatment of alcohol addiction in the Czech Republic. She worked at Apolinar since 1950, i.e. almost from the very beginning, and undoubtedly participated in the creation and development of the Apolinar model of addiction. The main professional topics on which she particularly focused were: partner therapy in the treatment of alcoholism, the involvement of partners in dinpatinet program and in the after-care phase, the after-care system, the development of the self-help movement, records and statistical processing of data on the treatment of alcoholism and its success, linking...
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Attitudes of active smokers, patients of outpatient services, after a stroke towards smoking
Horvátová, Tatiana ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: "A stroke is a brain disease caused by a sudden vascular supply malfunction" (Růžička, 2019, p. 213) and "nn the Czech Republic, it affects more than 50,000 people every year" (Zámečník et al., 2019, p. 676). Smoking is one of the most common modifiable risk factors of its occurrence. Chemicals in cigarettes are involved in the development of atherosclerosis and other pathologies leading to stroke and heart disease (Kim et al., 2012). Research suggests that even a complex life event, such as a stroke, does not lead to quitting smoking in many patients. This may be related to the low awareness of the population that smoking is a risk factor for stroke despite relatively high awareness of the negative effects of cigarettes in general. The emotional relationship of smokers to smoking is strong and the rationalization of smoking is strong as well. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to find out the attitudes of active smokers after a stroke towards smoking. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part focuses on the issue of stroke, risk factors for its occurrence and explains the conative, cognitive, and emotional components of attitudes. In the research part, the attitudes towards smoking of active smokers after a stroke are determined. Methods: Data...
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Patterns of heated tobacco products usage among women: qualitative research
Prokešová, Miroslava ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Kočvarová, Linda (referee)
Introduction: A relatively new trend that has been gaining popularity in recent years is heated tobacco, which has been on the Czech market since 2017. Although the number of users of heated tobacco products in the Czech Republic is increasing, the phenomenon is still relatively under-mapped. There is also very little information on the gender specificities of the use of heated tobacco. Therefore, this study focuses on mapping and describing the patterns of use of heated tobacco products among women who have switched from using conventional cigarettes to heated tobacco products. Aims: The main aim of the research is to map the patterns of use of heated tobacco products among chosen women in the adult population of tobacco users in the Czech Republic. The sub-objectives are to describe the nature of heated tobacco product, find out what motivated female users to switch to heated tobacco products. And what are the typical situations when women use the device. Sample: the research sample was selected by simple intentional (purposive) sampling method, combined with snowball sampling method. The final sample consisted of 7 female respondents. The mean age was 25,7 years (youngest 21 years and oldest 34 years). Methods: The research was conducted using a qualitative method. Data was collected by...
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Psychiatric comorbidity in the context of family factors in ADDA patients with a primary addiction diagnosis
Slopovská, Hana ; Jandáč, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
Background: Psychiatric comorbidity means the concurrence of an addiction diagnosis with one or more psychiatric diagnoses in a given individual. Psychiatric comorbidities are one of the frequent complications not only in children and adolescents, and the family background can also have a major influence on their emergence and development. Aim: The aim of the thesis is a more detailed description of the occurrence of psychiatric comorbidities in the pediatric and adolescent outpatient clinic of the Addiction Clinic (ADDA) patients with a focus on family factors that may be related to the occurrence of dual diagnosis in the given population. Methods: ADDA patient data, which comes from two sources (FONS and the SAL questionnaire), will be used to process the research, which will then be matched and anonymized. Correlation analysis will be used to analyze the data. Results: The study, which took place in the years 2015-2021, included a total of 157 respondents aged 8-18 with a primary addiction diagnosis. There were a total of 61 children with psychiatric comorbidity. The most frequently present comorbidity was hyperkinetic disorder (15,3 %). A total of 14 % of families from the total group and 11,5 % of children with comorbidities are at risk of addiction. Conclusion: According to the results of our...
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The impact of advertisement and promotion of alternative tobacco and nicotine products on tobacco users: online survey
Jirásková, Alžběta ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Zachová, Kateřina (referee)
Background: In the last few years, a large number of nicotine products have appeared on the Czech market, which are intended, among other things, to serve as alternatives to conventional cigarettes. These alternatives are often visually very distinctive and attractive. They are often perceived by users as less harmful and suitable for substitution for conventional cigarettes. At the same time, these products are not subject to legislation as strict as conventional cigarettes or packaged tobacco. Currently, approximately one quarter of the Czech population are at least occasional smokers, and a significant proportion are either currently using alternative nicotine products or are considering changing their use. Aims: The main objective of this work was to determine how active tobacco users perceive new alternatives on the market, specifically in terms of health harms, marketing presentation and appearance. In particular, another objective is to map preferences in the choice of use form and to compare the above mentioned alternatives with conventional cigarettes. Methods: The data was obtained through quantitative research. It was carried out using an online questionnaire survey in the Survio platform interface and distributed in the social networking environment. Respondents were collected through...
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Experience of regular tobacco users with usage of nicotine replacement therapy: a questionnaire survey
Landová, Karolína ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rychlá, Kateřina (referee)
Backgroung: According to current data on the prevalence of tobacco use in the Czech Republic, less than 25% of people over the age of 15 smoke. Although smoking has been on the decline in recent years, due to the effects on the human body and society as a whole, it is advisable to reduce the use of tobacco products. Due to the high risks associated with the use of tobacco, it is necessary to carry out research investigations and subsequent preventive measures that will limit its consumption, and therefore also the morbidity and mortality of the population. Nicotine replacement therapy is one therapeutic modality that can help with smoking cessation. Aim: The main aim of the thesis was to map and describe the experiences of users of nicotine replacement therapy who are currently using it or have used it in the last month. In this work, we deal with the most frequently used form of nicotine therapy in our research group, its negative effects, the price and source of reimbursement for substitution therapy, as well as the reason for its initiation. Methods: The thesis uses a quantitative method, specifically a questionnaire in online form, which was placed on the social networks of the National Smoking Cessation Line and other social networks targeting smokers and those who quit smoking. Closed or open...
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy in smoking cessation: a review of the literature
Brdičková, Naděžda ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: Smoking cessation is associated with significant health benefits. A review on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in smoking cessation would help identify proven effective interventions and enable more informed treatment decisions. Objective: The aim of this theoretical review is to map the effectiveness of CBT and its components in smoking cessation using a non-systematic search. Methods: 272 reviews published in English in the last 10 years were found in the PubMed database using keywords. These were sorted out and supplemented with other articles for a total of 108 processed articles. Results: The effectiveness of CBT in smoking cessation as a stand-alone treatment or treatment enhancing the pharmacotherapy has been demonstrated in large clinical trials, both in individual (RR vs. minimal intervention 1.57 (1.40 - 1.77)) and in group counseling (RR vs. self-help program 1.88 (1.52 - 2.33)). The effectiveness increased with the intensity of the therapy. Of the individual components, commitment, feedback to behavior, social reward, identity associated with changed behavior and financial reward were significantly effective. Information about emotional consequences and reframing the slip had a significantly negative impact. The effectiveness of improving coping skills...
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Attitudes of healthcare workers towards tobacco smoking and smoking cessation: a questionnaire survey
Krejčí, Veronika ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Jandáč, Tomáš (referee)
Background: Non-smoking staff and a non-smoking environment are prerequisites for high- quality health care. Despite this, the prevalence of smoking among healthcare workers is still high. Healthcare workers represent a specific group that should be informed about the harm of smoking. The aspect that strengthens the motivation to smoke among healthcare workers seems to be the demanding nature of work in hospital, which is associated with a higher level of stress. Part of the ethical issue of smoking is delegating one's work duties to other people and disrupting collegiality and relationships in the team in general. Aims: The aim is to determine the proportion of smokers and non-smokers in a selected sample of non-medical healthcare workers. To further identify what role a cigarette plays in the smokers' working day and how the consequences of smoking during working time are subjectively perceived. To determine the level of motivation to quit smoking and awareness of a smoking cessation program offered by the employer. To determine whether smoking affects interpersonal relationships in the workplace. Material and methods: Quantitative data collection in the form of an online questionnaire via the Google Forms platform was chosen for the implementation of the research. The basic set of research...
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