|
|
Non-pharmacological methods of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia patients - transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training
Hohinová, Michaela ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of neurocognitive changes in schizophrenia and the possibility of non-pharmacological interventions. It first summarizes current knowledge about schizophrenia, in connection with interdisciplinary overlaps enabling orientation in the topic. The thesis describes the individual cognitive disorders that are part of the disease. The main focus of the work is to inform about the possibilities of cognitive remediation. We focus on cognitive training and transcranial direct current stimulation in more detail. In particular, the use of stimulation methods has not yet been described in Czech literature. The work should thus contribute to the mapping of this issue. The theoretical part is followed by an empirical presentation of the results of our pilot study. In the study, we use a quantitative-qualitative methodology to map objective and subjective changes in cognitive functions before and after the application of stimulation and cognitive training in patients with schizophrenia. We included 9 patients who met the entry criteria. The results of the quantitative part did not reveal significant changes after the application of active tDCS stimulation in combination with cognitive training. The qualitative part of the study described subjectively perceived changes and...
|
|
|
Non-pharmacological methods of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia patients - transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training
Hohinová, Michaela ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of neurocognitive changes in schizophrenia and the possibility of non-pharmacological interventions. It first summarizes current knowledge about schizophrenia, in connection with interdisciplinary overlaps enabling orientation in the topic. The thesis describes the individual cognitive disorders that are part of the disease. The main focus of the work is to inform about the possibilities of cognitive remediation. We focus on cognitive training and transcranial direct current stimulation in more detail. In particular, the use of stimulation methods has not yet been described in Czech literature. The work should thus contribute to the mapping of this issue. The theoretical part is followed by an empirical presentation of the results of our pilot study. In the study, we use a quantitative-qualitative methodology to map objective and subjective changes in cognitive functions before and after the application of stimulation and cognitive training in patients with schizophrenia. We included 9 patients who met the entry criteria. The results of the quantitative part did not reveal significant changes after the application of active tDCS stimulation in combination with cognitive training. The qualitative part of the study described subjectively perceived changes and...
|
|
|
Psychological and Psychosocial Aspects of the Placebo Effect: Status Quo of Concepts
Nejedlý, Martin ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
This thesis focuses on contemporary conceptions of the placebo effect. The beginning of the theoretical part describes the development of terminology in placebo research that has significantly changed in the past few years. Next, it discusses various psychological mechanisms of the placebo effect and provides an overview of models which attempt to conceptually clarify these mechanisms. The third chapter puts the placebo effect into a larger psychosocial context and summarises the shift from a dispositional approach emphasizing the role of personality traits to an interactional perspetive. The last chapter addresses selected methodological issues in placebo research. This part is followed by a research proposal that attempts to account for these challenges and focuses on the relationship between the choice of treatment, personality, and strength of the placebo effect. Keywords placebo, placebo effect, pharmacological conditioning, doctor-patient communication, randomised-controlled trials
|
|
|
Impairment of cognitive flexibility and its assessment in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Janíková, Martina ; Hocko Fajnerová, Iveta (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
Cognitive flexibility can be described as adaptive ability to change one's behavior in response to the environment. Psychological tests measure cognitive flexibility mainly as an ability to switch between different cues, tasks or objects. This thesis is focused on cognitive flexibility in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). To assess it, participants were tested in two different virtual tests of cognitive flexibility in spatial navigation task: Active allothetic place preference and Active allothetic place avoidance. In one of the tests participants have to navigate in rotating arena towads invisble goal (AAPP). In the other one they have to avoid invisible sector where time is counted upon entering (AAPA). As the sector and goal are visually imperceptible, participants have to use only cues inside and outside the arena and are also informed about entering the sector by sound signal. The sector changes its position from stable position in room frame to stable position in arena frame between conditions. Therefore, participants have to learn to switch between room and arena frame to sucessfully solve the task. Results of this study suggest that OCD patients are significantly worse in estimating position of the goal in AAPP, especially after change of condition. Further comparsion of...
|
|
|
Mindfulness, Self-compassion and Burnout Syndrom
Martinová, Petra ; Loneková, Katarína (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
Background. Burnout is a syndrome which affects, particularly, employees of the so-called helping professions. It can influence quality of life and reduce job performance together with the quality of caring about clients. Thus it is not surprising that there is a tendency to prevent burnout and mitigate its symptoms. Developing mindfulness and self-compassion is one of the researched possibilities. Aims. This thesis aims to theoretically discuss and subsequently verify by research anticipated link between mindfulness, self-compassion and burnout affecting employees in Czech psychiatric hospitals and wards who work directly with their clients. Data and procedure. 160 adult respondents have filled in a demographic questionnaire, The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SZ), The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15-CZ) and The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in an online survey. Statistical analysis. The figures of descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated via Jamovi program. Results. The results have shown that there are significant links between mindfulness, self-compassion and the degree of burnout in case of the respondents. Limits. Only self-report questionnaires were used in the study, the respondents were chosen by self-selection, and the researcher was not...
|
|
|
Psychological aspects of chronic postsurgical pain in cardiosurgery
Růžičková, Kateřina ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
This thesis focuses on the psychological factors that play a role in the development and maintenance of chronic postsurgical pain in patients after cardiac surgery. The literature review deals with the mechanisms of chronic postsurgical pain, its risk factors, the process of the transformartion of acute pain into chronic pain, and the psychological management of chronic pain after surgery, specifically in the field of cardiosurgery. The thesis focuses in particular on patient-related factors in terms of anxiety or depression before or after the surgery, coping strategies, fear of pain, attachment styles, and how are these factors involved in the development nad maintenance of chronic pain. The empirical part consists of a research of quantitative design conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery of the 3rd Faculty of Medicine and FN KV in Prague, which monitors the development of pain in patients after cardiac surgery at the time of discharge, 3 months after the surgery and after 1 year after the surgery, and focuses on the assessment of preoperative and postoperative patient-related factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. The main aim of the research is to identify these psychological factors.
|
|
|
Smell tests in Alzheimer's disease diagnostics and their cognitive correlates
Vaškovicová, Michaela ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
This thesis is focused on the use of olfactory tests in neuropsychological diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease and on the cognitive correlates of these tests. The literature review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease and its dynamically developing criteria. Attention is also paid to the olfactory impairment that occurs during the course of this disease, as well as to specific psychophysical olfactory tests. The research part summarizes the results of research within the grant GACR 17-05292S, 01. 01. 2017 - 31. 12. 2019 - New blood biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and course of Alzheimer's disease held at the Psychiatric Clinic of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital. The exploratory analysis examines possible cognitive correlates of the olfactory Sniffin' Sticks test. Practical experience with olfactory test is evaluated in the discussion. Keywords Alzheimer's disease, olfactory deficit, smell tests, Sniffin'-Sticks, neuropsychological diagnostics
|
|
|
Assessment of the attachment style as a part of the differential diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.
Heidingerová, Jana ; Krámská, Lenka (advisor) ; Javůrková, Alena (referee)
Title: Assessment of the attachment style as a part of the differential diagnosis of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) Author: Bc. et Bc. Jana Heidingerová Thesis supervisor: doc. PhDr. Lenka Krámská, Ph.D. Pages: 101 Number of sources: 93 The thesis deals with the topic of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) and their differential diagnosis in the context of attachment and its measuring. Based on theoretical knowledge, the relation between attachment disorders and the diagnosis of PNES was assumed. This connection was examined by comparing the results of three groups of respondents with different diagnoses (PNES, PNES and epilepsy, epilepsy) and a control group. The theoretical part deals with the problematics of attachment, PNES and epilepsy. The empirical part examines differences between groups of respondents, correlations of the variables with socio-demographic factors and correlations between results of each used method. Three questionnaires, PBI, ECR and ECR-RS were used for the research. The data were collected in the Epilepsy Centre at the Na Homolce Hospital. The research sample consisted of a total of 84 respondents. The results were statistically significant for numerous hypotheses. Research suggest that there are correlations of some subscales with socio-demographic...
|
|
|
Psychological aspects in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Honsová, Karolína ; Krámská, Lenka (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
This thesis researches psychological aspects in adult patients undergoing heart surgery. The thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part discusses depressive and anxiety symptomatology, quality of life and type D personality, in the context of cardiac surgery. Basic characteristics, possible relations, impacts of occurrence of these aspects and possible related interventions, which seem to be beneficial for cardiac surgery, are presented for each topic. In the empirical part, the symptoms of depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life were examined using a sample of (N = 47) patients undergoing valve surgery. BDI-II, BAI and SF-36 methods were used. The research was conducted in three measurements. The first measurement took place before the surgery, the second before the end of hospitalization and the third took place 30 days after being discharged from the hospital. It was discovered that the depressive symptomatology of our sample differed significantly from the normative sample in the first and second measurements. In the first measurement, the respondents of our sample differed significantly from the norm in the symptomatology of anxiety. In both cases it was an increased symptomatology of depression or anxiety over the norm. In the dimensions of...
|
|
| |
guest ::
