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Constitutional development and the political system of Czechoslovakia after February 1948
Trnka, Michal ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
This work focuses on constitutional and political development in Czechoslovakia after the coup d'état in February 1948 that performed the Communist Party to gain absolute power. The author examines the nature of the political system immediately after the coup, and the differences between constitutional law and contemporary reality. The author assumes that some establishment not only the constitution but also other laws was just a front for illegal consolidation of a totalitarian regime. First, the work focuses to the period before February 1948, and the aspects that led to the coup, as well as the development of a new constitution, which were not completed before the coup. Second, the February events itself are analyzed with an emphasis on the extent to which took place in accordance with the constitutional order. The period after 1948, when there were illegal consolidation of power by the Communist Party, political purges and radical transformation of society, is analyzed in the following chapters. The author concludes that the future direction of Czechoslovakia was decided soon after the 1945 communist infiltration of the security forces. They also played an important role in the coup itself. While the Communist Party argued that the act of resignation of ministers and complement government was...
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Transformation of social policy in Czech lands after 1945 on the example of the emergence and adoption of the law on combating alcoholism
Seifertová, Tereza ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Kučera, Jaroslav (referee)
The presented work deals with the changes in social policy in Czechoslovakia after World War II. These changes have been illustrated on the specific example of the Law on Combating Alcoholism. The aim of this thesis was to broaden the knowledge of how the problem of alcoholism in Czech society after 1945 was perceived, monitored and assessed. It also assesses the ways to eliminate this negative phenomenon by state institutions and other organizations. The period described in the study is from May 1945 to April 1948, when the Law no. 87/1948 Coll., on the fight against alcoholism, was passed. The hypothesis - which was confirmed - was that the state's effort to ensure better care for citizens was demonstrated by institutionalization of the fight against alcoholism and by associated greater intrusion into personal rights. The thesis is divided into four chapters, the first chapter describes the perception of alcoholism in the context of the post-war socio-political situation in Czechoslovakia, the second chapter is dedicated to initiatives and single particular individual resolutions that led to the draft law on combating alcoholism. The third chapter analyses the law itself and the final, fourth chapter deals with other activities that have been kept in the fight against alcoholism. The study is...
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Collectivization of agriculture in the region of Rakovník district called the Balkans.
Smejkal, Martin ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Cuhra, Jaroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis, titled The collectivization of agriculture in the region of Rakovník district called the Balkans, deals with the theme of collectivization in the villages southeast of Rakovnik district, which is called the Balkans. Period between 1949 and 1960 is mainly observed in the work. The first part is devoted to a brief description of the course of collectivization in Czechoslovakia, postwar organization of the state and development of agricultural policy. The work also follows the development of the agricultural issues in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, which was a major political force in the country. The second part outlines the region called the Balkans. Where selected municipalities for monitoring of the specific course of the collectivization are located. The second chapter deals with the establishment of uniform agricultural cooperatives in individual municipalities, their development from the beginning to the merging of the 60s of last century. Agitational pursuit of national committees and other groups in persuading to join the collective farm is recorded in the work. There is also mentioned dealing with the so-called kulaks - forced evictions, criminal prosecution, repression against opponents of collectivization and the reactions of the population from the voluntary entry...
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The Yugoslav model of socialism as a possible inspiration for economic reforms 60 years of the 20th century in the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia and Hungary
Uxa, Šimon ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
This dissertation - The Yugoslavian model of Socialism as possible inspiration for economic reforms of the sixties in the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia and Hungary - deals with the topic of creating certain modifications and specific features of the economic systems within the Eastern Bloc. The so called Yugoslavian experiment, which had developed in the Balcan state from the times of the Soviet-Yugoslavian rift of the late forties of last century, was, in fact, considered to be the only alternative to the predominant, directively centralized Soviet model for several years. It was in the sixties when many Eastern Bloc states, which practically hitherto copied the Soviet economic model, attempted to implement economic reforms which would assisst in eliminating disadvantages of the current economic system, and thus to stabilize and streamline the economic development. It is quite natural that for searching new possibilities and incentives, the Yugoslavian self-governing model represented one of potential inspiring ways how to reform the often nonfunctional economic systems. The main purpose of the dissertation is to show how the planners of economic reforms in the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia and Hungary recfleted the Yugoslavian model tested in practice, and to which...
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Ion Iliescu and his role in the forming of the modern romanian democracy
Kocian, Jiří ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
The problems of Romanian transition to democracy after the year 1989 were in large part determined by the form of previous regime. Because of the extreme pressure and control exercised on the opposition and personal dictatorship of the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu, no major dissent groups or opposition centers possessing the potential to take part in the overthrow of the regime existed. In the swift and still unclear events of December 1989, National Salvation Front rose to hold the power, being directed by Ion Iliescu at the same time. As a formerly top positioned communist apparatchik, who had been swept out from his status after several conflicts with Ceausescu, he transferred almost complete communist structure under the newly formed regime, including Securitate, the secret service. Deconstruction of the former regime was actually performed by the execution of the former president and his wife and by trials of several Securitate generals. Iliescu concentrated overwhelming majority of the state power around NSF and in contradiction with his original proclamations postponed transition to democracy. New regime, which was led by Ion Iliescu demonstrated in its ideological presentation and exercise of power apparent similarities with the era of communist rule, nevertheless, it worked under formal...
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Edvard Beneš and the Slovak issue at the Second Czechoslovak resistance
Kadlecová, Zita ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
This work Edvard Beneš and the Slovak issue at the Second Czechoslovak resistance focuses on the explanation of selected issues in the history of Czechoslovakian politics during the Second Czechoslovak resistance in Paris, London and Moscow between 1938-1945. This interpretation will concentrate on changes in the resistance, especially with regard to the issues affecting Slovaks and Slovakia in the period from the autumn of 1938 to the spring of 1945. It attempts as much as possible to describe and analyze the transformations in the perception of the Slovak issue while Czechoslovakian government was in exile, paying particular attention to this in relation to President E. Beneš, his followers and Slovakian members of the resistance movement. This topic will be studied highlighting significant aspects of wartime events, staging of foreign action and the situation back home - in the Protectorate and in the Slovak State. Also the actions of opposition and its key leaders will be mentioned. The aim of this research is to show the development and progression of conceptions of the Slovak issue in chronological stages of foreign resistance. Another aim is to illustrate the influence of the international political circumstances, the foreign policy orientation of the Czechoslovak exile, and events in the...
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The Culture of Memory: The Destiny od Lidice Memorial
Šonová, Kateřina ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Rak, Jiří (referee)
This Bachelor work, dealing with a topic of Culture of Memory: The Destiny of Lidice Memorial, discusses primarily history of the Memorial built in the area of Lidice tragedy and declining visit rate as well as public interest in this sacred place after 1989. That is divided into four explanation captures. The introduction pays attention to general characterization and history of memorials and monuments, focused on their function and utilization. The second part commemorates history, the act of Lidice destruction in June 1942 itself, including other fates of Lidice inhabitants and also international acclaim caused by that unprecedented Nazi crime. That handles with 10th June 1942 in Lidice, shooting of men, abducting of women and children to Kladno Grammar School and following transport to concentration camps. This chapter further it describes the destiny of Lidice with its survivors after the Second World War. The international reaction immediately after the burning down, gained from those local media sources, belongs to this second part too. The third part devotes to proper history and story of the Memorial. All this commemorates that the Memorial is a component of extensive commemorative area, which completes the sacred zone of former Lidice with the Rose Garden and the Monument of Children. The...
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Political persecution of soldiers since February 1948
Sládková, Daniela ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Fojtek, Vít (referee)
The bachelor paper "Political persecution of soldiers since February 1948" describes persecution of soldiers in the above mentioned era in connection with class-struggle, searching for the state enemy and building so called "Great Army". The thesis describes main means of persecution, their executors and tools and also tries to find out whether the fates of individual soldiers were similar and how they fit in the typology of persecuted groups. The thesis also introduces stories of two soldiers who became victims of this political despotism.
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The post-war election of 1946 in Czechoslovakia as a turning point in the rise to power of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
Častorálová, Andrea ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Kučera, Jaroslav (referee)
ABSTRACT Bachelor thesis "The post-war elections of 1946 in Czechoslovakia as a turning point of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia power takeover" focuses on transformation of the political tactics of the the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia after the elections in 1946. Since the restoration of the the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in 1945 till the February revolution in 1948, the procedure of absolute communist takeover of the government in the country underwent a significant change. The first part describes events preceding the elections, which has become an important factor affecting the outcome. It was not only the rules established by the National Front, which for example limited the number of participants or the election campaign, but also on the course and event promotion. The second part of the thesis analyses the reactions of the main leaders on the outcome and in particular focuses on the preparation of the next steps of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Further follows a period of joint government during which the communists focused on controlled internal decay of other non-communist parties represented in the National Front and the gradual penetration into the society. The thesis ends with a brief look at the February revolution in 1948 which was the culmination of a...
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