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Prioritization in nature conservation: Šumava National Park as a case study
Janík, Tomáš
In recent decades, we have been facing negative changes to the environment across the world. Landscape changes affected by anthropogenic activities and new forms of land use have led to the decline of suitable habitats, landscape fragmentation, and insufficient landscape management, all of which cause biodiversity loss. One of the basic instruments which should prevent these negative changes is spatial nature protection. Often, it is in opposition to other interests in the area. Due to these different interests, it is essential to know the area and set its values and priorities for nature protection. Šumava National Park was chosen for this study as a relatively large and compact area with a high degree of protection, which is differentiated based on zonation, and also with a good data basis as well as turbulent management development. Using landscape-ecological and geographical approaches, several outputs were subsequently created analysing values and priorities of the area. The aim was to contribute to the debate on the management and zonation of Šumava National Park and protected areas in general. The approach consists of a few steps; first the area was characterized from the physical- geographical, socioeconomic, and management point of view. Moreover, a comparison was made with Bavarian Forest...
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Prioritization in nature conservation: Šumava National Park as a case study
Janík, Tomáš ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Václavík, Tomáš (referee) ; Boltižiar, Martin (referee)
In recent decades, we have been facing negative changes to the environment across the world. Landscape changes affected by anthropogenic activities and new forms of land use have led to the decline of suitable habitats, landscape fragmentation, and insufficient landscape management, all of which cause biodiversity loss. One of the basic instruments which should prevent these negative changes is spatial nature protection. Often, it is in opposition to other interests in the area. Due to these different interests, it is essential to know the area and set its values and priorities for nature protection. Šumava National Park was chosen for this study as a relatively large and compact area with a high degree of protection, which is differentiated based on zonation, and also with a good data basis as well as turbulent management development. Using landscape-ecological and geographical approaches, several outputs were subsequently created analysing values and priorities of the area. The aim was to contribute to the debate on the management and zonation of Šumava National Park and protected areas in general. The approach consists of a few steps; first the area was characterized from the physical- geographical, socioeconomic, and management point of view. Moreover, a comparison was made with Bavarian Forest...
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Testing possibilities to extract selected landscape characteristics for description of indication-relevant bird species habitats in the Krkonoše Mts. from remote sensing data
Polák, Mojmír ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis uses remote sensing data from two spatial scales (Sentinel-2 with a 10 x 10 m pixel and PlanetScope 3 x 3 m. It explores the possibilities of extracting selected landscape characteristics (spectral indices, land cover type, landscape metrics). In order to evaluate which characteristics and at what scale are statistically significant for the occurrence of 23 selected bird species, species richness in quadrats and the number of species of the order Passeriformes in the Krkonoše Mountains. Data on species occurrence were mapped in the year 2012-2014 The strength of the relationship between characteristics and abundance was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient. It could not be confirmed that data with higher spatial resolution would be more beneficial for extracting landscape characteristics. Overall, the landscape characteristics did not prove functional relationships for all selected species, but for some species, species richness, and order of Passeriformes, the assumption of elevation and land cover as important factors was confirmed. Land cover was analysed using the Random Forest supervised classification method in Google Earth Engine with an overall accuracy of 78 % for Sentinel-2 data, both in tundra and in the rest of the area, and 77 % for PlanetScoce data in tundra, 66...
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Assessment of Physics Tuition Quality Parametrs
Žák, Vojtěch ; Kolářová, Růžena (advisor) ; Svoboda, Emanuel (referee) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with acquisition and evaluation of parameters of the physics tuition quality at high schools. Mapping the existing approaches to the education quality and tuition quality, the work includes also description of the progress and results of an expert investigation, contributing to creation of a new technique for monitoring the physics tuition and assessing its quality. Following chapters describe details of the research assessing the quality of the physics tuition performed by ten teachers at seven Prague high schools, discussing the validity and reliability of the technique created. Within the thesis, didactic preparation has been elaborated based on results of the research, usable for teaching the physical topic titled "Energy and Conservation Laws in Mechanics". I have taught this topic and the tuition has been assessed using the new technique. The thesis includes also a manual for future users of the monitoring and assessment technique.
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Media in self-education of shoolchildren in lower secondary school
Jursová, Jitka ; Horák, Josef (advisor) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee) ; Nikl, Jiří (referee)
The goal of the dissertation was to analyze the current state and tendencies in selfeducation and informal education of schoolchildren from secondary schools in connection with a curricular reform in the Czech Republic in the context of mass media influence on children of this age. Opportunities and real situations how the media are used by children in their self-educational activities as well as opportunities and school competencies to use media in effective media and information education and in development of study competences of schoolchildren according to requirements of the reformed Czech curriculum became an object of the research. This work is based on the current concept of media and information education which is stated in the Framework Educational Programme for Basic Education. Media and information education has become an integral part of the new Czech curriculum and requirements to implement them in the school education are rising from the entire concept of an education in Europe at the beginning of the new millennium.
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Physics demonstrations for upper secondary school students - a video study
Nikitin, Alexandr ; Snětinová, Marie (advisor) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Physics demonstrations for upper secondary school students - video study Author: Bc. Alexandr Nikitin Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: RNDr. Marie Snětinová, Ph.D., Department of Physics Education Abstract: Experiment is a key element not only for physics as science, but also for physics education. Even though attention has been lately focused more on students' hands-on experiments, demonstration experiments still play an important role in today's education. Department of Physics Education (Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics) has been performing physics demonstrations for upper secondary school students for more than 30 years. Seven different topics are currently offered by the Department. A survey conducted on a population of est. 5,100 students showed that the perception of these topics by students varies quite significantly, especially considering their intrinsic motivation and subjectively perceived value and usefulness of a given topic. The questions at hand are whether parameters that influence students' perception in negative or positive way do exist and how they are related to the choice of the experiments themselves or the lecturer's work with the audience. Aim of this thesis is to present a video study conducted on video recordings of all seven...
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Zahradně architektonická studie vybraného mětského prostoru
Janík, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis focuses on the principles of creating urban parks as important public spaces of the urban unit. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the historical development of parks, their transformation depending on the development of human society and its needs. This section also provides an overview of the distribution of parks in view of their importance in the city-wide understanding and presents universally formulated and valid principles of planning and designing these spaces from a garden-architectural perspective. Using reference examples, it points to the appropriate application of this knowledge in the Slovak Republic and abroad, while these examples become the source of inspiration and guidance for the subsequent design study. In the analytical part of the thesis, a selected model area is analyzed, while examining the development of the park since its establishment, its transformation and changes in functions that it has overcome during its existence. A detailed examination of the current state of space from a number of aspects is held and the long-term intent for this area is also evaluated. Finally, it provides the starting points that become the cornerstone for the creation of garden-architectural design modifications. The design part presents a solution to the transformation of M. R. Štefánik Park in Trenčín, which is based on the analysis of this area. This proposal follows the lessons learned in the theoretical part of the thesis and the study of the selected reference examples, thus applying the principles of creating the park as one of the city's main public spaces. It brings a picture of the contemporary view of the given issue, thus creating space responding to the development of the company and its needs, which can be satisfied in the new park.
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The municipal development in protected area: The case study in natural protected area Křivoklátsko
Janík, Tomáš ; Perlín, Radim (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Development of municipalities is predominantly given by horizontal and vertical location (Hampl 2010; Perlín et al. 2010). In case of the small municipalities in the Protected landscape area (PLA) or National Park (NP) the development is influenced by presence of spatial natural protection and subsequently by endogenous potential, which is differential factor of the development for small municipalities in same area (Bernard et al. 2011), together with social capital (Jančák et al. 2010, Pileček 2010), which describes social interactions at given locations. Interactions among the actors are important factor for the development. Furthermore, in protected areas two principles meet at the same area. Dichotomy is created by top-down (nature protection) from centre and bottom-up (development of municipality) principles (Brown et al. 2015, Martín-Lopéz et al. 2011). Study area contains ten municipalities in the Křivoklátsko PLA, which would be affected by planned Křivoklátsko NP. This area was compared with three municipalities in the České Švýcarsko NP with similar path dependency (former part of PLA). Data for demography and social and economic conditions were analysed between the areas and with the higher administrative areas. In addition, mayors and heads of protected areas were interviewed. The...
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Geoecological preferences of red deer in the Bohemian & Bavarian Forests NPs
Lachová, Barbora ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee)
Barbora Lachová Praha 2017 1 Geoecological preferences of red deer in the Bohemian & Bavarian Forests NPs Abstract In central Europe, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) is a common species. It's population density is very high in the Bohemian & Bavarian Forest NPs. Therefore, a selective management is used to control red deer population, because of the need to conserve young regrowing forests. Knowledge of a typical habitat, geoecological preferences and space-time use of the environment is very useful for red deer management and for understanding it's life strategies. Data about deer location are most often collected by GPS - telemetry technology. In this thesis, data from thirteen individuals equipped with GPS-collars are processed and analysed. Red deer choose their location primarily according to food resources availability. Movement of red deer individuals is also influenced by human disturbance. In the review part habitat requirements, environmental factors and Bohemian & Bavarian NPs environment characteristics are described.
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Recent landscape dynamics of the Šumava NP
Janík, Tomáš ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
The disturbances are processes, which change the landscape (Bengstsson et al., 2003). In Central European mountains spruce forest, windthrows and subsequent bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreaks are the most important (Bengstsson et al., 2003; Brůna, 2013; Čada, 2013; Fischer et al., 2002; Matějka, 2013) This scenario was taking place in the study area - the Šumava National Park between 2006 and 2012. The objective was to analyse changes in the land cover caused by the disturbances. The land cover flows were used. The Land cover flows describe changes within land cover types: the area of change from one type into another (Martinez-Fernandez et al., 2015). Layers of the land cover for each year were created; they show the changes mostly in forested landscape. These fourteen-land cover types layers were input into analysis in the Land change modeler for ArcGIS (Clark Labs, 2015). The most important land cover flows were set and further analysis of evaluation in five spatial frames (Physical - geographical typology, Aspect, Elevation, Ecological conditions, Non-intervention and intervention management) were undergone for deeper knowledge about spatial factors of distribution. The Kyrill windthrow in 2007 caused a creation of windfalls (4.73 km2 ), predominantly made from damaged forested area (3.07...
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