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Regulation, culture and price measures and their impact on the demand for alcohol
Táboříková, Helena ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Gráf, Václav (referee)
My thesis is aiming to answer the question what are the impacts of alcohol regulative legislation (especially the excise tax) on demand for it. The theoretical part presents various opinions and conclusions regarding the regulatory measures (apart from others Stigler, 1975) and the impact of alcohol price change on the demand for it (Becker, 1988 and his successors). Further on, individual regulatory measures, their development in time and basic reasoning for introducing of the measures are introduced in the work. In its analytical part, the thesis deals with comparison of states with different alcohol consumption levels and with different regulatory measures in effect; the work thus divides the EU-countries to groups of different traditions and level of control (the Global Alcohol Policy Report by WHO is used as a source of information in this regard). The data available for the selected countries are then subject to research regarding statistical relevance of the excise tax - consumption relation. The paper thus answers a question of alcohol demand elasticity and also the question of the differences in the consumption attributes in various cultural and regulatory conditions. As a source of the relevant information, analytical parts of OECD, WHO and CSU (Czech Statistical Office) databases are used in the paper.
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Comparison of taxi services in selected metropolises
Páchová, Markéta ; Zemplinerová, Alena (advisor) ; Gráf, Václav (referee)
This thesis is focused on different government approaches to taxi market. It discusses necessity of regulations in this branch. The core part of this thesis is empirical analysis of taxi markets in London, Dublin, Paris, Stockholm, New York and Prague. To study the subject more complex I also examined PHV (private hire vehicle) market which provides almost the same kind of services but it is not regulated. These markets are compared in term of supply -- number of cars per capita and price, and also in term of demand -- utilization of cars and customers content. According to this comparison I tried to find out if any of these approches can be considered as optimal, and wheather if regulated or deregulated markets bring better results. This thesis also discusses the best way how to deregulate entry into the taxi market. This will be illustrated by case study of entry deregulation in Dublin. I also provide some recommendation for taxi market in Prague.
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Economic efficiency of invasive species eradication in Czech republic shown on example of Giant Hogweed
Linc, Ondřej ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
The aim of this work is to estimate the damage to environment caused by invasive plant Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) in Czech Republic. Using the Replacement costs method I found that the damages reach about 2.5 millions CZK each year. That equals amount of money annualy spent on eradication of Giant Hogweed by government. Model of elimination of the plant in CR subsequently revealed that the costs of its total eradication equals about 170 millions CZK a year in a five year project. Such project would be uneconomical at present, but postponing the solution causes nearly exponential increase of its future costs.
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The significance of the institutional environment for innovation activities of enterprises in the Czech Republic
Bízková, Jitka ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Gráf, Václav (referee)
This diploma thesis represents an effort to contribute to the solving of the problem of optimal relations between the institutional environment, entrepreneurial activity and innovative activity in terms of securing a higher degree of competitiveness of the current economy in the Czech Republic. The institutional environment is perceived as the rules of the game, under which social interactions take place. When defining the business activity the Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction is not ignored and the issue of innovation activity is viewed from the perspective of institutional change. Various forms of institutional environment are analyzed in the selected European countries (Germany, Finland, Switzerland), whose competitiveness is based on successful innovation activities. The research is extended by the comparison of innovation policies and the analysis of the level of ICT infrastructure of the above mentioned countries. The significance of the institutional framework for innovation activities is evaluated in the final part of the thesis. The content of the corrective measures in the current economic policy of Czech Republic is drawn from the evaluation.
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Czech entrepreneur environment in connection with qualitative competitiveness
Červenka, Michal ; Dočkal, Dalibor (advisor) ; Gráf, Václav (referee)
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the qualitative competitiveness of the Czech entrepreneur environment. The qualitative competitiveness of the entrepreneur environment is the key factor for the economic growth, especially in the current globalized world. The innovation performance is one of the most important factors of qualitative competitiveness, which is mainly influenced by the research and development activities. The character of the Czech entrepreneur sector highlights the importance of innovations especially in the industry. The analysis of the Czech research and development has proven that this area is insufficiently and inefficiently financed, which is also proven by the weak patent performance. The general uncompetitiveness of the Czech entrepreneur environment according to existing international studies topped with the imperfect condition of the research and development have proved that the qualitative competitiveness of the Czech entrepreneur environment lags behind highly developed countries.
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Trafficking in human beings as a way of strengthening the market competitiveness of the Czech Republic?
Horáčková, Veronika ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Chalupníček, Pavel (referee)
The thesis considers trafficking as a way of strengthening the market competitiveness of the Czech Republic. Contrary to wide-spread approach to this issue, only as to violation of the rights of victims, trafficking is examined from the side of entrepreneurs and from the side of impact on national competitiveness. In addition to factors affecting the national economy and the motivation of entrepreneurs is evaluated the efficiency of subsidies provided by the Ministry of the Interior to Programme of the support and protection for victims of trafficking. In the thesis is found out that the exploitation of trafficked persons increases competitiveness of the Czech Republic, because it fills gaps on the domestic labour market with no wage increases. For employers victims are flexible and low-cost source of labour force, which increases productivity of their firms, but they don't represent significant competition for legal workers in the country.
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Analysis of immigration of Romanians to Italy and the impact on the labor market
Bém, Jiří ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Poláková, Olga (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the migration of Romanians to Italy after 2002. The theoretical part is focused at the causes of migration and migration policy with emphasis on Italy, which adopted laws to regulate the influx of migrants into the country. The practical part includes the placement of Romanians in Italy and their impact on the labour market. The context of immigration of Romanians in Italy after 2002 has been analysed in connection with economic reasons of migration. As examined economic reasons, I chose - GDP per capita, unemployment rate, average wage, minimum wage, social security and government spending on education. Connection are sought primarily in the neoclassical theory of migration.
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Regulation of alcohol and Tobacco products in Czech Republic in respect of legislative actions, costs and revenues
Králová, Lenka ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Gráf, Václav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to compare recent approach of the State (Czech legislative) to restrictions on supply and demand of alcoholic and tobacco goods in Czech Republic. To reach this aim the thesis will specify current legislation, documentation and programs valid in Czech Republic. The comparison of the regulations related to demand for alcoholic and tobacco goods is based on the Accessibility, liabilities of entrepreneur, restrictions and obligatory labels on both alcoholic and tobacco goods, all what follow and direct of laws and ordinances of State. Additionally the taxation specifically the excise tax on alcohol and tobacco is used to compare alcohol and tobacco supply. The thesis will deal with the analysis of social and private costs and benefits of alcohol and tobacco products. In this part will deduce the results, if the costs are sufficiently covered by revenues from various products. If the Revenues are most efficient than the Costs. The main target of the findings is to compare restriction in the area of supply and demand of alcoholic and tobacco goods and the conclusion resulting from the findings.
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Analysis of measures to reduce illegal migration in the European Union and their impact on the Czech Republic
Žilová, Šárka ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Doležalová, Antonie (referee)
This bachelor thesis responds to the situation incurred over the last two decades, when member states of the European Union, facing an influx of illegal migrants from third countries, have sought to confront this issue on both transnational and national levels. Through analysing European Union's legislative measures to persecute illegal migration and through recognising the results of alternative solutions applied under the respective national jurisdictions, the thesis concludes that a gradual liberalization of legal immigration seems to be a more appropriate instrument in tackling illegal migration than any restrictive measures. Consequently, recommendations are formulated from the obtained results, specifying how to improve the issue of illegal migration in the Czech Republic.
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Analyze of migration Czech doctors abroad
Svoboda, Jakub ; Gráf, Václav (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
The main aim of the work is analysis of labour migration of czech doctors.Work is divided to several parts. At first for clearing up the situation is czech health-care system compared with other OECD countries. After that the work is focused on migration of high skilled labour, which is group where doctors belogns to. Next part is survey among doctors and students of medicine. The aim of the survey is find out their migration potentional, their target countries and migration barriers. At the and the work is focused on situation in czech health-care system in the end of the year 2010. The result of analysis is clear. Number of czech doctors migrating abroad is not increasing dramatically. Mass exodus of czech doctors abroad will not happen.
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