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Sartre, the Dialectic and History: About Existential Subjectivity in Marxism
El-Hajj, Philippe ; Serban, Claudia (advisor) ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (referee)
The two Sartrian categories of the series and the group-in-fusion - developed in la Critique de la raison dialectique - constitute a real essential ideological foundation to a set of situations as diverse as complex. They represent "the eternal return" of a materially frozen reality, and of various attempts to get out of it - worker against employers, proletarian against the bourgeois, colonized against colonizer, Palestinian against the violent Zionist entity, ecologist against businessman - as many situations kneaded with inertia which we must obstruct in everyday life and which freeze the latter in a static ontological posture. As per our study, it goes further and deepens how the Sartrian subjectivity retains all its importance as long as it finds itself placed in a profoundly Marxian perspective, acquiring through group mediation and its praxis an active dimension giving it real potential for change. The main problem which therefore we are facing is to determine how Sartre, by his reworking of the foundations of the dialectic of History, was able to lead to a new vision of praxis which involves as many unique forms of action as there are unique subjectivities that participate in it. It will also be a question of demonstrating the ethical outlets of this Sartrian dialectic enterprise. The main goal of...
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Modern Capitalism and the "Negro Future of the World" in Achille Mbembe's work
Koudoglo, Agbeko Yao ; Klass, Tobias Nikolaus (advisor) ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (referee)
OF THE MASTER THESIS : Keywords: Capitalism, black slave trade, slavery, negro, racism, plantation, work, profit, surplus value, becoming a negro of the world, Achille Mbembe. In the face of the resurgence of debates linked to the Black question and the changes in capitalism over time, it seems essential to analyse the intrinsic link between the development of capitalism and the slave trade. Our paper therefore explores, without exhausting it, the problem of the future of humanity in the face of the mutations of capitalism. It is certainly true that slavery is an old phenomenon, but the slave trade was an unprecedented event in the history of humanity. However, the extraction of the human body for capitalist purposes did not stop with the abolition of slavery. The slavery, exploitation and dehumanisation that are still widely practised are the result of the liberalism that has shaped our present in our way of being in the world. This is why the concept of "becoming a Negro of the world" helps us to understand that the figure of the plantation Negro is actualised in every person. The social grasp of the individual in a global way is better able to account for neo-liberalism, its planetaryisation of markets and the trend towards globalisation of the negro condition.
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A world for peace, from Montessori to Nyerere: the power of education
Njanji Boulleys, Pierre Stephane ; Klass, Tobias Nikolaus (advisor) ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (referee)
NJANJI BOULLEYS Pierre Stephane pierrestephanenjanji@yahoo.fr Master Erasmus Mundus EuroPhilosophie - Philosophie allemande et française : enjeux contemporains SUBJECT OF THESIS : A world for peace, from Montessori to Nyerere: the power of education. Summary The thesis deals with the issue of peace, how to achieve and maintain peace in a world where conflict takes its toll. The two authors chosen have a similar approach in terms of form, in that both believe that education is the means par excellence for achieving peace. However, while Montessori emphasized the education of children, Nyerere Julius encouraged him to educate adults.
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Fichte's Transcendental Approximation to Being 1801-02
Ip, Long Nin Leonard ; Schnell, Alexander (advisor) ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (referee)
of thesis titled: Fichte's Transcendental Approach to Being 1801-02 submitted by Leonard Ip for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophie in the programme Erasmus Mundus Master EuroPhilosophie, July 2021 This paper attempts to reconstruct the development of the problem of being within the framework of Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre after 1800 in its initial approach. Textually, it deals mainly with the Darstellung der Wissenschaftslehre from 1801/02. This text is considered the main document with which Fichte's so-called "late philosophy" begins after the first "Jena" period of his philosophising. The main result of the reconstruction presented is the demonstration of a "positive" concept of being, which goes beyond the concept of being explicitly determined as "negative" in Fichte's Jena Wissenschaftslehre and is defined in the Darstellung as "absolute being". In order to show that the positive concept of being is both demanded and legitimised on the basis of the Wissenschaftslehre as transcendental idealism, the reconstruction of this concept is carried out through an analysis of the first part of the Darstellung, i.e. the theory of absolute knowledge. The three chapters of this thesis carry out this analysis in three steps: in the first chapter, the systematic demand for absolute being is...
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Radical Relational Ontology: Living the Difference from Within
Garrigue, Arthur ; Klass, Tobias Nikolaus (advisor) ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (referee)
This work unfolds Arturo Escobar's radical relational ontology in an imagined discussion with Gilbert Simondon. Questioning Escobar's academic reception in the North, we seek the answer in Escobar's own work, in his proposal of a political ontology and the pluriversal posture it underlies. In trying to grasp what radical difference means, understood as ontological excess, we come to the point of having to outline a pluriversal ethic of otherness in order to "live fearlessly the difference from within". Key words: relational-ontology; indigenous-struggles-for-the-territory ;ontological- conflicts ; otherness ; radical-otherness; anthropology ;philosophy; Arturo-Escobar; Gilbert- Simondon
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The declension of variation. On the notion of multiplicity in Gilles Deleuze
Bastidas Bolaños, David Antonio ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (advisor) ; Sáez Tajafuerce, Begonya (referee)
The declension of variation. On the notion of multiplicity in Gilles Deleuze This paper aims at a reconstruction of the notion of multiplicity in the thought of the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze. To this end, our guiding thread corresponds to the relationship that this thinker establishes between the mathematical doctrine of Bernhard Riemann and the philosophy of Henri Bergson. Our purpose is to go through the various appearances of this relationship and to reconstruct the fundamental axes of an original concept of multiplicity that we believe Deleuze's thought holds. Thus, our inquiry, via a strategic journey through the Bergsonism, A Thousand Plateaus and Difference and Repetition, uncovers a double articulation for the deleuzian multiplicity. This double articulation is expressed in the two axes of thematization that we develop, namely coherence and inherence, or in other terms, a multidimensional organization and an activity of internal division. From these two axes, we believe, the notion of multiplicity describes the dynamics proper to a mouvement of continuous change or variation of nature. Keywords : Deleuze, Multiplicity, Variation, Bergson, Riemann, Bergsonism, A Thousand Plateaus, Difference and repetition.
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The Mestizo Consciousness
Santos Nascimento, André Luis ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
"The Mestizo Consciousness" is a research based on the work of the Mexican-American researcher Glória Anzaldúa and her definition of people who live between the borders of the dualism of society, whether they are borders of race, physical borders between countries, moral borders or political, linguistic or sexual borders. By first analysing the place of the mestizo, we will follow the development of this "non-place" from Alzaldúa onwards and the way in which it affects the individual and society. To do this, we will draw on the thought and experience of the authors we have called upon, such as Alzandúa herself, Derrida in "The Monolingualism of the Other" and the life and philosophy of the indigenous Yanomami people, starting with Davi Kopenawa's "The Fall of Heaven". We will show that dualism has been and continues to be present in our society, how it directly affects the life and philosophy of each individual and we will think about the empowerment of those who are outside this model, which passes less through the recognition of this dualism, than through the affirmation, acceptance and admiration of each characteristic that defines the individual in his or her difference. KEY WORDS: ANZALDÚA, DERRIDA, KOPENAWA, METIZA, CONSCIOUSNESS, DECOLONISATION, BORDERLANDS
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Tracing the Being-in-common. The "Inoperative" in the Work of Jean-Luc Nancy and Fernand Deligny
Paul, Juliane ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (advisor) ; Courret, Loreline (referee)
"Community does not refer to an accomplished work" notices Jean-Luc Nancy and disrupts thereby the classic conceptualisation of community, as Fernand Deligny does the same on his own terms. In this understanding, the concept of community does not refer to a political dimension, but firstly designates nothing other than the real position of existence. It results that the articulation of community does not go through the question of the "being of the community" but through the "community of being". Being is common to everybody, exposed each time in a singulary way. Being is nothing we 'own' together. Thereby it is impossible to think of community in terms of identity, that is to say as an identical substance with itself. That means for Jean- Luc Nancy, same as for Fernand Deligny, community always takes place at the very limit as an inoperated one. Key words: Being in common; Inoperated Community; Trace; Cartography; Communication; Arachean; Wander lines; Non-violence
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Nicolas Berdiaev and the Theology of liberation: idea of a revolutionary Christianity.
Genieys, Hadrien ; Serban, Claudia (advisor) ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (referee)
In this dissertation, the aim is to show the influence of Nicolas Berdiaev's philosophy on the Latin American movement of the Theology of Liberation. The goal is to clarify the meaning of what would mean a "revolutionary Christianity" from this theological movement. We try to show that they approach in an original way a certain number of phenomena. In the first chapter we try to characterize the notion of "structural sin". This allows us to show how sin becomes "institution" and "ideology". We try to provide a Christian analysis of the phenomenon of secularization and to show how the struggle against idolatry takes on the meaning, within this phenomenon, of fighting against the ideology of exclusion. In a second chapter we try to characterize the poor, victim of this ideology of exclusion as the "theological place" from which the Church must be established. This will lead us to reflect on what the "periphery" is and to think of a movement of "decentralization" of the Church. In the third and last part, we seek to clarify two historical dynamics that we call "teleological" and "eschatological" respectively. We then try to understand the Kingdom of God as the final object of the eschatological dynamic that we are trying to characterize, and we characterize the teleological dynamics as a cause and consequence...
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The Principe of Governmentality and the Modern State. Hegel and Foucault on the Political Rationality
Dekanozishvili, Irakli ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (advisor) ; Serban, Claudia (referee)
Our essay investigates the influence of Hegel on Foucault concerning to the modern state and the political rationality. In his course at College de France in 1978, Foucault employs a concept of "governmentality" to describe the means through which the administrative state forms and maintains itself. Political "governmentality" marks a passage from a territorial state to the state of population, referring to a rational knowledge that aims to govern the people through a new political structuration and new technologies of power. This important transformation consists of two doctrines: The reason of state and the theory of police. These doctrines allow Foucault to discover the rationality of the modern state, whose main purpose is respectively a perfect knowledge of state with its institutions and a growth of state power through the population. In Hegel's work, we find the rationality according to which the administrative state should be constituted and maintained. It is a domain of the objective spirit which, by overcoming of individual wills, arrives finally at universality and objectivity. This central process will not take place without the institutions which coordinate the private interests with collective imperatives and which provide a space for social intercomprehension. Despite the fact, that...
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