|
|
Tax avoidance by multinational corporations: An empirical analysis based on firm-level data
Godar, Sarah ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Barrios, Salvador (referee) ; Lejour, Arjan (referee) ; Weichenrieder, Alfons (referee)
Tax avoidance by multinational corporations An empirical analysis based on firm-level data Author: Sarah Godar Abstract In this thesis, I use confidential firm-level data from the Microdatabase Direct Investment (MiDi database) provided by the Deutsche Bundesbank to analyze tax avoidance by German MNCs. While such data has frequently been used in tax-avoidance research, it has yet to be employed to derive macro-level estimates of tax avoidance by Germany-based MNCs. My MiDi-based research includes an estimation of the scale of profit shifting by German affiliates of foreign MNCs and related tax-revenue losses (Chapter 1), as well as an investigation of the tax-haven use and distribution of profits and economic activity of MNCs headquartered in Germany (Chapter 2). Finally, in collaboration with several co-authors, I investigate relatively new micro data on the global tax payments and activities of multinational corporations, voluntarily published by individual MNCs following the implementation of the new CbCR standard (Chapter 3). I employ different methodological approaches depending on the quality of the data and the research focus of each chapter. In the first chapter, I employ a standard microeconometric approach to identify profit- shifting and estimate the semi-elasticities of MNCs' profits with...
|
|
|
Beneficial ownership register and the allocation of public procurement
Tkáčová, Andrea ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Godar, Sarah (referee)
Public procurement is a sector vulnerable to fraud and corruption. Owing to a lack of transparency in both the procurement process and the project delivery process, corruption in public contracts is relatively frequent, as documented by existing literature. The Anti-money laundering directives (AMLD) are one of the most important instruments in the fight against corruption and money laundering in the European Union, including in the area of public procurement. This thesis investigates whether the implementation of the 4th AMLD to the legislation in Slovakia, and subsequent obligation to list beneficial owners of companies in the corresponding register, affected the allocation of public tenders to companies whose owners had previously been anonymous. We analyse available data on Slovak businesses that participated in public procurement between years 2014 and 2019 and focus on firms linked to high-secrecy jurisdictions which could benefit from anonymity of owners prior to the reform. We hypothesize that the reform negatively impacted the success of these businesses in public procurement auctions. However, the results of our econometric analysis do not provide robust evidence of a significant change in the allocation of public procurement around the legislation change. We conclude that the policy has...
|
|
| |
|
|
Economic incidence of corporate income tax
Petrželka, Václav ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Godar, Sarah (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether and if there is any incidence of corporate income tax on the level of wages. This topic has been discussed for decades, and the conclusions of empirical analyses vary across available studies. Data on 35 OECD Member States for the period 2000-2018 are examined to verify this impact. Because we believe that our variables affect each other over time and at the same time there is a variable in the model that causes heterogeneity, we use a panel VAR model. Altogether, two models are estimated, as we have demonstrated two datasets. However, the results show that there is no evidence that changes to the corporate income tax rate affect wages in any way. Although this discovery is not very statistically significant, it is a very interesting finding, which is consistent with some of the authors of contemporary scientific literature.
|
|
|
Priming as a tool for triggering prosocial behavior
Tížková, Tereza ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Godar, Sarah (referee)
Priming is a cognitive bias influencing, in various forms, daily life of people. This paper examines the effect of priming in economics, where subjects are often forced to make decisions under uncertainty. The empirical part of this paper introduces the experiment, where subjects were manipulated towards or against prosocial behaviour with verbal priming techniques. The experiment results show that priming to specific concepts correlated with a tendency to act prosocially actually increases the subsequent degree of prosocial behaviour, although the same evidence has not been found with the opposite case.
|
|
|
US Collegiate Football Analysis: Team's Success as an Indicator of Academic Performance
Linhart, Jakub ; Janhuba, Radek (advisor) ; Godar, Sarah (referee)
American football as the most popular sport in the US higher education attracts millions of students to compete in various leagues under the supervision of the National Collegi- ate Athletic Association. Matches between the top university teams that are part of the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision belong to the most attractive and historical rival- ries bring high fan support and media attention. However, this also comes with greater stress for competing student-athletes and thus the impact of losing on their psychological state outside the pitch should not be understated. Following previous studies about the impact of collegiate football, this analysis used data about 114 Division I-FBS teams across 13 years to examine the effect of football performance on the academic results of student-athletes. The results showed positive and significant effects of relatively success- ful season on the academic performance of players, whose mentality towards studying and socialization outside football improve in case of a successful season. This supports a phenomenon called "football chicken soup", which states that success in extracurricular activities improve the students' ability to adjust for college life and thus improve their academic results. Additionally, I found that a team's financial situation has no...
|
guest ::
