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The Spanish-Mapuche Frontier as a Space of Intercultural Encounters
Šnapková, Daniela ; Brenišínová, Monika (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis focuses on intercultural and interlingual communication on the Spanish-Mapuche frontier during the colonial period, with a special emphasis on interpreting as a mediated intercultural communication during peace negotiations, the so-called parlamentos. Drawing on sources such as records from the parlamentos or chronicles, the thesis outlines the characteristics, development, and areas of interpreting. It also examines interpreters as individuals, their origins, status, abilities, and the way they are represented in the sources. It also deals with the perceptions of the Mapuche alterity and processes of transculturation within the parlamentos. In the area of interpretation and the profession of an interpreter, the thesis draws on approaches from the theory of interpreting applicable to the history of interpreting (e.g. role, quality, professionalism, etc.). In the analysis of the perceptions of the Mapuche alterity and processes of transculturation within the parlamentos, it uses the concepts associated with the encounter of cultures in areas where colonisation efforts were taking place, i.e. the concept of the frontier, transculturation, hybridisation, or alterity. Key words: Mapuche; colonial period; Spanish America; Chile; intercultural communication; parlamentos; history of interpreting.
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Alberto Vojtěch Frič and his American collections at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in St. Petersburg
Kotova, Elizaveta ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Brenišínová, Monika (referee)
The present thesis deals with Alberto Vojtěch Frič's relations with the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in St. Petersburg in the first decades of the twentieth century. Drawing on available archival and printed documents and secondary literature, it maps the contacts of A. V. Frič with the museum, the mechanisms of acquiring the collections (and the bureaucratic complications involved), as well as their actual presentation in the museum and use by Russian ethnologists. Firstly, the work briefly introduces Frič's biography with an emphasis on his expeditions to Latin America. During his journeys, Frič collected a great amount of ethnographic material, including photographs and souvenirs, which he then attempted to sell to museums. He sought financial support to organize his own expeditions to South America. He contacted various European scientific institutions, and finally established cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences. In total, the St. Petersburg Museum, being one of the departments of the Academy, acquired more than 2,000 objects and photographs collected by Frič. In addition to the collection items and correspondence, the museum archives have preserved accompanying materials (inventories of the objects sent, Frič's comments and explanatory notes). Through this case study,...
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Motifs of Pre-Colombian America in Muralism
Taltynová, Marie ; Brenišínová, Monika (referee)
The thesis Motifs of Pre-Columbian America in Muralism focuses on Pre-Columbian motifs in the work of three representatives of Mexican muralism − Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros. Muralism is an art movement that is based on monumental painting with clearly defined social and educational function. It started to develop within an initiative of the post-revolutionary Mexican government, in the 1920s. Gradually, it gained international fame and today it is widely regarded as a uniquely Mexican style of art. An integral part of the muralist imagery form scenes from the life of Pre-Columbian cultures. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse these scenes, to identify the origin of particular motifs, their original meanings, and the new meanings they demonstrate in the context of the murals. The work also reflects where and how muralists acquired knowledge about Mesoamerican civilizations and focuses on analysing the nature of the overall image of the Pre-Columbian past they created within their murals. The work seeks to clarify the question of how specifically the muralist approach to Pre-Columbian cultures was innovative in comparison to previous tendentions in Mexican art. The paper uses qualitative methods of analysis of the available written sources and analysis...
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Representation of Favelas in Brazilian Literature
Kovářová, Barbora ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Brenišínová, Monika (referee)
(in English): The master thesis deals with the image of the favela in five selected literary works: theatre play Orfeu da Conceição by Vinicius de Moraes, the diary Quarto de Despejo by Carolina de Jesus, the novel Cidade de Deus by Paulo Lins, the novel Inferno by Patrícia Melo and the short stories O Sol na Cabeça by Geovani Martins. The aim of the thesis was to look at the favela both through the eyes of social scientists and the authors of beautiful literature, to identify which characteristics are identical, and to capture the uniqueness of the favela manifestations through a literary work. The thesis is based on professional literature that defines favelas, traces their origin, history, and specifics. Based on the results, a suitable categorization was selected for the analysis of literary works: the relationship between subculture and majority society, community, family and individual (see Lewis's essay The Culture of Poverty) and topics that expand the categorization. The analysis proves that the view of experts and authors of beautiful literature on favelas is often similar. In beautiful literature, the favela is a place where the so-called culture of poverty is present. People have a negative attitude towards the majority society, they are already convicted, they live in unhygienic...
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Privateers in the Caribbean Sea
Iltisová, Andrea ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Brenišínová, Monika (referee)
The topic of my thesis is the privateering in the Caribbean Sea during the 17th and the 18th century and its comparison with other forms of naval robbery, which achieved the highest frequency in the Caribbean area during the Early Modern age. Based on the available secondary literature I have analyzed the privateer's way of life, I make a comprehensive typology of pirates and privateers and I point at their similarities and deifferences. The aim of the thesis is, with the help of qualitative research, to collect a complete picture of the privateer from the study of secondary literature and available sources. In conclusion, I dedicate the case studies to compiling an image of a privateer and a pirate presented by the eminent works of the 17th - 20th centuries. Seeing the work I will point out the fact that the image of the privateer has undergone an important romanticization process over the centuries, but it still preserves certain archetypal stereotypes, which still prevail.
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Current practise and representation of Argentine tango in Latin America and the Czech Republic
Erhart, Daniel ; Brenišínová, Monika (advisor) ; Horák, Vít (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with Argentine tango from the perspective of Czech dancers. I am trying to find out what impact tango has on the Czech dance scene and whether it still maintains its dominance in the competition of modern dances. At the same time, I will try to create a certain generic profile of a typical Czech tanguero, or tango dancer. In conclusion, I argue with similar research which was conducted in 2004 and then four years later carried out. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the first, theoretical part, I deal with the history of tango not only in Argentina, but also in the Czech Republic. I will find out how and to what extent the Czech authors are engaged in tango and what stereotypical features they worked with. In the second, practical part, I work with questionnaires, thanks to which I analyse the answers of Czech tangueros to this Argentine dance. I am interested in the views associated with tango and the personal characteristics of the respondents, such as their age, gender, occupation and last but not least their own dance experience. At the end of the thesis, I refer to a similar sociological research from the past and I argue with its results. Key words Tango, passion, intimacy, traditional dance, women, dance history, Argentina, Latin...
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Representations of Native Americans in Czech Written Sources in the Early Modern Period
Libánská, Anna ; Brenišínová, Monika (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of representations of Native Americans in Czech written sources from the 16th century which are related to the topic of european overseas exploration. Special emphasis is placed on the formation of representations of corporeality in the context of discourses present in the early modern literary production and on the representations of gender relations that discourses of the body help to produce in texts. Apart from other things, the textual representations were influenced by the europocentric interpretation of the world which emerging from christian discourse at that time. As well, the work shows how the practices of othering of American Indians and their societies are produced in analyzed sources. The othering was realized, beside other things, in the context of dichotomous discourses of civilization and barbarism, religious discourse and the discourse of power. Emphasis is also put on the changes and mutual similarities of discourses in the written sources. In order to analyze representations of American Indians, the work uses the method of Foucalt's discursive analysis. The work also uses the constructivist theory of representation and the theory of hegemonic gender configurations. Key words Native Americans, corporeality, gender, otherness, textual...
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Native Handicraft Textile Production in Oaxaca
Melicharová, Tereza ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Brenišínová, Monika (referee)
This thesis is a case study about three textile cooperatives made up of women from three indigenous ethnic groups in the Mexican state of Oaxaca: Galvain Cuy (Zapotecs, Teotitlán del Valle community), Jiñi Ñuu (Mixtecs, San Juan Colorado community) and Kee Nshií (Chatino people, Santiago Yaitepec community). Together with other Oaxaca handcraft cooperatives, these are connected with the community firm Color y Cultura, which looks after the sales and promotion of their products. This paper maps the cooperative work of the indigenous women who are involved in handcrafted textile production in the above-mentioned three communities, and how the umbrella firm Color y Cultura residing in Oaxaca de Juárez operates. It examines how these women perceive the cooperative business model and the Color y Cultura community firm, which they are connected with, as well as the advantages and weaknesses of this model of a work organisation. It also treats their ethnic self- perception in relation to their actual handcraft work and the promotion thereof. The membership in Color y Cultura makes it possible for the women in the cooperatives studied to avoid dealing with a middleman thanks to its brick and mortar shop in Oaxaca. This brings them a higher profit, creative freedom and direct contact with the customer....
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