|
|
Changes in rainfall-runoff regime and biogeochemistry in headwater areas
Fraindová, Kateřina ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee) ; Matschullat, Jörg (referee)
Headwater areas are a very important current or potential drinking water source. Their ecological value for the whole ecosystem is equally important. Headwater areas are sites with minimal anthropogenic intervention and usually the least polluted water sources. Changes in climate and rainfall-runoff (R-R) regime together with water quality in these areas affect the status and availability of water further downstream significantly. It is also one of the most sensitive areas and is an early indicator of ongoing changes. This thesis focuses on the main issues that are already ongoing and are affecting the availability of drinking water significantly. Some of these are trends in R-R regime in the context of the climate change and glacier retreat in headwater areas. As a very good example of a mid-latitude river with a complex rainfall-runoff regime, where a large impact of regional climate warming and glacier retreat are strongly manifested, The Athabasca River Basin was selected for this study. Related to this issue is the river water quality, which is influenced by changes in both temperature and R-R regime, together with the increasing occurrence of extreme hydrometeorological situations such as droughts and floods. The effects of land cover on water quality are also analysed, along with consideration of...
|
|
|
Hydrological drought on the Lužnice River in 2018
Junková, Anna ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
This bachelor's thesis elaborates on hydrological draught on Lužnice river at 2018. First part is focused on literary research on draught types, causes and impacts. Following chapter evaluates hydrological draught in Czechia between 2014 and 2018. This research serves as a resource for the main part of the thesis, which deals with hydrological draught on Lužnice river at 2018. Computations are based on threshold level concept and deficit volumes methods. Analysis is performed on the basis of data series from limnigraphic stations Pilař and Bechyně. These profiles are compared for the purpose of determining differences. The results of the work show that the hydrological year 2018 on Lužnice river was very important year in modern history in terms of drought. Key words: hydrological drought 2018, deficit volumes, threshold level, Lužnice river
|
|
|
Effects of restoration and renaturation measures applied on watercourses
Brychtová, Anna ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Králová, Magdalena (referee)
This work focuses on the effects of restoration on watercourses, in particular on a planned restoration of Klíšský brook in Ohře basin and a finished restoration of Rokytka in Běchovice. The main goal is to use the methods HEM and MoRPh for evaluation of hydromorphology in both areas. In case of Klíšský brook, HEM is used to estimate ïts future condition after restoration. Another goal is to assess and propose a vegetation structure for the of Klíšský brook restoration, then to describe it on Rokytka. Research on the topic of river restoration, their goals and effects is included, as is an introduction to in the Czech Republic less known method MoRPh. The results of hydromorphological and vegetation structure assessment are introduced. Both utilised methods show adverse hydromorphological conditions on Klišský brook in comparison to Rokytka. Vegetation also shows higher diversity around and in Rokytka's channel. This work is a base for further monitoring of hydromorphology and vegetation evolution in both areas. The results from Klíšský brook were also used in its restoration proposal. Key words: river restoration, renaturation, hydromorphology, channel, riparian belt, flood plain, riparian vegetation
|
|
|
Changes of physical-chemical parameters of surface water in context with hydrological extremes. Application in the Rolava River catchment.
Šajnarová, Lucie ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Havlíková, Petra (referee)
6 Abstract The diploma thesis deals with changes in the physico-chemical parameters of surface flows in response to extremes, especially increased flows due to higher precipitation totals or melting snow. The basin of the upper Rolava with peat bogs in the basin and minimal anthropogenic influence was used. The main goal of the work was the analysis of the behavior of electrical conductivity during events when there was an increase in flow rates and the categorization of individual events according to this behavior. Furthermore, the influence of the pre-condition of the watershed on the events and the subsequent behavior of the electrical conductivity was also investigated. The 10-minute electrical conductivity and flow data from the automatic stations of the ecohydrology team of the Faculty of Science, UK, or ČHMÚ were used. Among the methods are data homogenization, construction of hysteresis loops, categorization of loops, calculation of indices for hysteresis loops and PCA analysis for the pre-condition of the watershed. In most cases, a reverse relationship of electrical conductivity behavior was observed during these events, the most common types of electrical conductivity behavior during flow increases include a slow decrease in conductivity with minimum values after the peak of flow (in light...
|
|
|
Restoration and renaturation in the Klíšský Brook catchment
Holík, Jan ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor's thesis presents a revitalization and renaturation study of a small watercourse in rural area. Specifically, it is the Klíšský stream, which is a tributary of the Bílina River. Among the main goals of the bachelor thesis is the development of possible proposals for possible revitalization and renaturation measures with the aim of improving the hydromorphological quality of a small watercourse. During the development of the revitalization plans, a total of 18 cross-section profiles and one longitudinal profile were surveyed within the geodetic survey, in which specific revitalization measures were proposed. Within the evaluation of the characteristics of the study area, analyses of the granular composition of the sediment of the bottom were carried out, an evaluation of the property conditions was carried out and also flow monitoring was carried out during the periods of field surveys. In the revitalization modification proposals, the existing capacity in the targeted transverse profiles was also calculated. By synthesis of all the obtained and available information, proposals for measures to improve the overall condition of the water course were carried out, in the section the water surface in the form of a pool and wetlands in the area of the non-functional hydromelioration network...
|
|
|
Development of Nutrient and Pesticide Concentrations in the Sázavka River and Their Changes in Connection with the Rainfall-runoff Regime
Pavlíková, Anna ; Havlíková, Petra (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to study the selected parameters and nutrients of water quality in relation to the rainfall-runoff regime in the Sázavka River basin. The rainfall-runoff regime is influenced by many factors, including the climate change, which has received more and more attention in recent years. These changes may have a consequential impact on the quality of surface waters. In the first part of this paper selected parameters of water quality are presented. The aim was to try to understand their behaviour under the changing water flow dynamics. For this purpose, Czech and foreign literature was used. In this thesis there are also presented the most common statistical methods that are used in analysing geochemical parameters. The second part of this paper deals with the changes of climate- hydrological characteristics (air temperature, precipitation, snow cover and flow), the analysis of nutrients (forms of nitrogen and phosphorus) and physical parameters (water temperature and electrolytic conductivity). Lastly, metabolites of herbicides that ware above the detection limit in the watershed (acetochlor ESA, alachlor ESA, dimethachlor ESA and metolachlor ESA) were assessed. The analysis used some of the methods introduced in the research section. The regression analysis, correlation...
|
|
|
Hydrological drought and surface water quality as research education on grammar school
Janečková, Petra ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the topics of hydrological drought and water quality in the school environment. The goal of the thesis is to create a worksheet using research-oriented teaching, on the above-mentioned topics. In the theoretical part, from the available professional and popular science sources, it characterizes both professional and didactic issues with the help of research. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis serves as a basis for creating a worksheet. In the practical part, with the help of a worksheet, it increases students' awareness of hydrological drought and surface water quality. The conclusion of the thesis discusses the students' results from the worksheet. Key words research-oriented education, hydrological drought, surface water quality, worksheet
|
|
|
Concept of stream restoration in urban area
Jonáš, Miroslav ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis presents a restoration study of a small watercourse in the urban area, specifically the section of Bouřlivec - a tributary of the Bílina River, crossing the municipality of the village Lahošť. The restoration study was carried out as a part of the contract research of the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague and Povodí Ohře, state enterprise. The final report of this research is part of the cited literature at the end of the qualification thesis. Among the main objectives of the study was the design of restoration concept that will primarily lead to: 1) improving the hydromorphological and ecological state of the stream, 2) increasing flood protection and 3) increasing recreational usability in close proximity to the watercourse. A total of 11 cross section profiles within a longitudinal profile with a length of approx. 454 m were geodetically measured using the total geodetic station. A modification of the new method of calculating the roughness of cross section profiles was proposed and for each profile the current and design maximum flow capacities were calculated. As part of the longitudinal profile, a mosaic of 4 variant solutions was designed, which alternate regularly within the section of interest. The grain size analysis of the river substrate was held in...
|
|
|
Changes of natural organic substances within hydrological extremes in headwater areas
Bejčková, Marie ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
Diploma thesis is focused on changes of natural organic matter within hydrological extremes in headwater areas of the upper Vydra. The increace in these concentrations and increased transport to surface waters negatively affect the environmental and social environment. The main aim of this work is to analyse the amount and variability of organic metter in relation to selected runoff events with clarification of these relationship. The change in the amount of concentrations and variability of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) was evaluated with respect to the preconditioning of the catchment (over a period of 14 days) and the influence of hydroclimatic conditions during the episodes. The dependence of each variable on DOC concentrations was also examined. The dependence of parameters (water temperature, conductivity, flow rate, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved Organic Carbon concentration) within the campaigns and the subsequent similarity of the profiles were also investigated. The data for this work were provided by the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University. The evaluating of relationship and processes was determined, for example, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA Analysis), hysteresis loop or Pearson's correlation coefficient. The greatest...
|
|
|
Extreme hydrological processes in the upper Ostravice River basin
Cermanová, Eliška ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
The main object of this bachelor is the assessment of rainfall-runoff processes with a primary focus on the occurrence of extreme hydrological phenomena in the upper basin of the Ostravice river. The first part of the work is devoted to literature research dealing with the issue of extreme hydrological phenomena and their assessment methods, supplemented by research about current findings regarding changes in the rainfall-runoff regime. This part ends with a description of the physical-geographical conditions of the basin, ilustrated by map outputs. In the second practical part, the available data of average daily flows and daily precipitation totals from the ČHMÚ are analyzed in the period 1970-2020. By Pettit's test of homogeneity, the period is divided into two parts (1970-1995 and 1996-2020) to analyze the change in seasonality of the runoff regime and extreme events. Attention is also paid to the change in the ratio of base and direct runoff using the baseflow index and the runoff coefficient. To detect changes in the characteristics of the frequency of occurrence, duration and intensity of extreme events, the threshold value method and the insufficient volume method were used. As a result, a shift in the seasonality of the occurrence of floods to earlier months and a significant increase in...
|
guest ::
