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Introduction
Šimůnek, Michal V.
This chapter is an introductory study of the whole Volume. It provides an overview of the recent production concerning the role of science in the WW2 and sumarizes the possible levels of comparison.
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From Summer Homes to the Labourer's Canteen. The Pragmatization of the „Mental Worker's” Leisure Time from Jaroslav Goll to Aleš Hrdlička
Ducháček, Milan
The work focuses on teh transformation of Leisure activities fot he Czech academic intellectuals at the end of the 19th century. It does not stake a claim on authoritative theses. It only attempts to use a sample of a few Czech researchers from the field of culture studies to capture the signs of the transformation of the way leisure was percieved. Here, we turn from the traditional overlap fo work with dolce far niente (Jaroslav Goll, Josef Pekař) to signs signalling the arrival of technology (Lubor Niederle) and systematic rationalisation of leisure activities according to the Anglo-Saxon, mainly American way (Aleš Hrdlička). The idea of how academics and intellectuals spent their free time at the end of the 19th century was based on standard contours of work and idleness of an educated and better-situated Cisleithenian member of the bourgeoisie as part of the „idle class“. Mental work and leisure often overlapped here and were indistinguishible. The end of the century however, was already announcing the arrival of Americanisation and pragmatisation of the daily schedule. Based on the memoirs of ethnographed Karel Chotek, who visited Czech-American antrhopologist Aleš Hrdlička at the Smithsonian institution in Wahington DC in 1919 and spent a brief study internship there, on gets an idea of the daily schedule of the Humpolec-born Hrdlička who worked his way up as a wage laborer in the United States to having an influential research position at the prestigiois scientific institution. Hrdlička´s working rhytm, which differed when working in the field and in the office, and included moderate eating habits and standard level of activity within the working schedule, can serve as an example of a surprisingly systematic separation of working hours from time spent on mental relaxation. In the inter-war period, the question of purposeful leisure and the rationalisation of working hours in Hrdlička´s tradition became not only an inspiration for his pupils but also the subjekt of deliberations of sociologists such as Innocence Arnošt Bláha on the effective model of the „intellectual“ life style.
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Interdisciplinary Scientific Teams at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and Charles University in the 1960s
Hoppe, Jiří
The conference paper provides a brief overview of the genesis and activities of four interdisciplinary scientific teams (Šik's team, Richta's team, Machonin's team and Mlynář's team), which significantly co-created social and political dynamics in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the 1960s. It shows how these teams supported changes and innovations in the way the CPC's leading role was exercised, how they newly analyzed the parameters and limits of the current state system, and how they thought out and inspiringly modeled alternatives for its future.
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