|
|
Evaluation of the gamma-ray spectrum transmitted upon alteration in scintillator shading
Zbožínek, Tadeáš ; Jelínek, Michal ; Mikel, Břetislav
This paper deals with determining the properties of optical fibres required for transmitting energy spectra in ionising radiation measurements by scintillation. Specifically, optical fibres that provide the communication link between the scintillator and the photosensitive electronic devices. The primary objective is focused on the basic diameter and numerical aperture values required for efficient transmission of energy spectra. An iris mechanism gradually shaded the scintillator crystal, simulating the optical fibre diameter. The results can be used to calculate the numerical aperture to achieve this goal. This way, we can establish basic properties for further energy spectra measurements with optical fibres.
|
|
|
Investigating the evolution of laser induced plasmas by complementary optical and spectroscopic methods
Buday, Jakub ; Novotný, Karel (oponent) ; Pouzar, Miroslav (oponent) ; Kaiser, Jozef (vedoucí práce)
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a method of analytical chemistry that provides a qualitative and quantitative sample analysis. As this method has been implemented in more and more applications, certain limitations and drawbacks have been raised from this progress. Some of these limitations are connected to the fact, that the ablation process of a~sample is fast and dynamic and the changes of the plasma plume in time and space are a question of a few microseconds. As this can cause certain limitations in the analysis process, there has been a question of how to minimize or eliminate these problems. For this purpose, supplementary methods have been more and more implemented in the LIBS experiments. The goal is simple, acquire more information from the complex process of the ablation and improve the analytical performance of LIBS, be it in the scope of qualitative or quantitative analysis. Here lies the main motivation of this dissertation thesis. Goal of this thesis was to research, implement and utilize supplementary methods, that could be used in combination with the existing LIBS experimental setup. As a result, direct plasma imaging, shadowgraphy and sound analysis systems have been implemented and streamlined into the typical analytical process. Each of these methods brings certain additional information. For direct plasma imaging, it can be the spacious-temporal morphology of the plasma plume, or the distribution of individual elements within its volume. The Shadowgraphy method can be used to calculate the energy spent on the ablation itself, pointing at the thermal properties of the analyzed sample. Lastly, the sound information from the generated shock wave is connected to the amount of ablated mass. Within this thesis, all of the mentioned supplementary methods were examined, and utilized. Insight into these methods together with the LIBS analysis was done individually for each method as well as from the point of their mutual combination. The theoretical information as well as their background is described and discussed. Moreover, the technical information is discussed and analyzed, be it the implementation of the LIBS experiment, or the actual data analysis process. This work will serve as a foundation for further research in this area, where a selection of these methods will be used in several applications that are already using LIBS but suffer from certain limitations. These methods will be used to mitigate the limitation and to elevate the potential use of the LIBS in certain areas and applications.
|
|
|
Automatická klasifikace geologických vzorků pomocí spektroskopie laserem buzeného plazmatu a strojového učení
Stříbrná, Klára ; Hrdlička, Aleš (oponent) ; Prochazka, David (vedoucí práce)
Tato práce se zabývá tvorbou databáze LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) spekter geologických vzorků, na jejíž základě jsou pak natrénovány klasifikační modely konvoluční neuronové sítě (CNN), které slouží k automatické klasifikaci vzorků. Natrénované modely jsou následně validovány na neznámých datech a porovnány mezi sebou z hlediska spolehlivosti a času potřebného pro jejich natrénování. Motivací práce je otestovat metodu LIBS v kombinací se strojovým učením jako potenciální metodu automatické klasifikace geologických vzorků. Současná řešení jsou totiž často finančně i časově nákladná. Metoda LIBS umožňuje rychlé chemické mapování a systémy jsou ve srovnání s jinými metodami chemické analýzy standardně používanými v geologii poměrně levné. LIBS navíc umožňuje detekci lehkých prvků (např. Li, Be), které jiné metody detekovat nedokáží.
|
|
|
Electric arc generator and its plasma analysis
Koreň, Michal ; Kloc, Petr (oponent) ; Šimek, David (vedoucí práce)
The bachelor thesis deals with the design of a plasma generation device and spectroscopic analysis of the electric arc. The thesis contains a theoretical and a practical part. In the first part, the theoretical issues of electric arc and plasma are explained. Their origin, behaviour, effect on the surroundings and key properties. The different types of spectroscopic methods that can be used for measurements are described. In the practical part, a device that generates an electric arc has been designed. Using the selected method, the key properties of the electric arc were determined. The advantages and disadvantages of the particular method used for the analysis are justified. Using the measured values, the materials present in the spectrum were identified and the plasma temperature of the electric arc generated on the copper electrodes at different distances and different times was calculated. Finally, the proposed plasma generator is critically evaluated, its possible improvements and its use for future teaching purposes are discussed
|
|
|
Use of advanced fluorescence methods in the study of aggregation
Uhrínová, Alžbeta ; Enev, Vojtěch (oponent) ; Venerová, Tereza (vedoucí práce)
The diploma thesis deals with the use of advanced fluorescence techniques in the study of aggregation of selected aggregation models (casein and sodium dodecyl sulfate). At the beginning of the research, fluorescent probes Atto 488 and Rhodamine 6G (RH6G) were characterized using a spectrofluorometry, UV-VIS spectrometry, time-resolved fluorescence, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Aggregation models with the addition of fluorescent probes were characterized using the same advanced fluorescence techniques. The interaction between the fluorescent probe Atto 488 and the aggregation models was not confirmed. The excitation maximum of Atto 488 was at 500 nm and the emission maximum at 520 nm. The lifetime of the fluorescent probe Atto 488 was from 4,20 to 4,82 ns and the hydrodynamic radius was determined to 0,6 nm. Rhodamine 6G had an excitation maximum at 525 nm and an emission maximum at 555 nm. The lifetime of the fluorescent probe RH6G was from 3,99 to 5,27 ns. The intensity of RH6G was found to decrease upon addition of a higher concentration of casein, resulting in quenching. The hydrodynamic radius of the RH6G probe was determined to 0,6 nm. With the addition of casein using the maximum entropy method (MEM) evaluation was from 0,5 to 534 nm. Stable SDS micelles had a hydrodynamic radius by MEM evaluation of 2,4 nm.
|
|
|
Implementation of a Multipurpose Measurement System for (Sub)Terahertz Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Šedivý, Matúš ; Malik, Aamir Saeed (oponent) ; Epel, Boris (oponent) ; Vrba, Radimír (vedoucí práce)
Electron spin resonance (also called electron paramagnetic resonance or just EPR) spectroscopy includes methods that investigate matter via unpaired electrons. One of the progressive EPR methods is the rapid scan, which allows one to observe the kinetics of chemical reactions. Moreover, recent developments of high-frequency components expand application of high-frequency EPR (HFEPR), that use sub terahertz and terahertz waves. This thesis deals with the connection of both paths into the frequency rapid scan (FRaScan) HFEPR spectrometer that was recently developed at CEITEC BUT. A brief introduction to the theoretical background of EPR is provided, followed by an overview of the HFEPR instrumentation. The practical part describes a technical solution for the spectrometer. The emphasis is on the implementation of software through which the spectrometer is controlled, and measurements are automated. Afterward are shown example measurements of solid state materials, namely vanadium doped silicon carbide (SiC:V), lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc), and crystal of 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl (BDPA). The examples demonstrate the capabilities of the spectrometer to acquire multi-frequency continuous wave spectra and frequency-swept spectra with dependency on the temperature and orientation of the sample, as well as the frequency rapid scan spectra.
|
|
|
Optimalizace pokusného NQR spektrometru
Segiňák, Ján ; Král, Bohumil (oponent) ; Steinbauer, Miloslav (vedoucí práce)
Práca pojednáva o NQR spektroskopii, ktorá patrí medzi moderné nedeštruktívne meracie a diagnostické metódy pre charakteristiku rôznych materiálov. Využíva kvadrupólový moment - vlastnosť atómových jadier niektorých izotopov. Metóda nukleárnej kvadrupólovej rezonancie (NQR) je v princípe veľmi podobná nukleárnej magnetickej rezonancii (NMR). Diplomová práca sa v teoretickej časti zaoberá princípom NMR a NQR, popisuje možné využitie tejto metódy na detekciu napr. výbušnín, drog, a iných nebezpečných chemikálií. V nasledujúcich kapitolách sú rozobrané kľúčové parametre NQR spektrometra a princíp zvolenej metódy merania. Praktická časť práce sa zaoberá jednotlivými komponentami NQR spektrometra, návrhom možných vylepšení a programovaním meracej sekvencie. V záverečnej kapitole sú spracované merania predložených vzoriek.
|
|
| |
|
|
High frequency electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Hrubý, Jakub ; Perfetti, Mauro (oponent) ; ShangDa, Jiang (oponent) ; Neugebauer, Petr (vedoucí práce)
Electron spin resonance (ESR) is a non-invasive magnetic-resonance-based spectroscopic technique. It is used in many scientific fields such as biology, chemistry, and physics to investigate systems with unpaired electrons. This doctoral thesis deals with high-frequency electron spin resonance (HF-ESR) spectroscopy and its use on paramagnetic coordination compounds. The first part outlines theoretical basics with literature research in this field and shows the HF-ESR applications. Afterwards, methods used to study systems of interest are presented. Herein, the complementary spectroscopic methods (XPS, RS, UV-VIS, AFM, SEM) are described, and the design of a newly built high-vacuum (HV) sublimation chamber was developed for the preparation of thin films of coordination compounds on surfaces. The next part deals with results obtained by HF-ESR on molecular quantum bits [Cu(dbm)2], single-molecule magnets [CoX2(dppf)], [Co(4MeO-L)2Cl2], and vision of graphene-based bolometers for detection of this class of compounds is outlined. The results are further discussed, and their implications are summarised in conclusions. Finally, references and the author's outputs make up the final chapters of this work.
|
|
|
NÁVRH OPTOVLÁKNOVÉHO BIOSENZORU SE SPEKTRÁLNÍ ANALÝZOU V BLÍZKÉ INFRAČERVENÉ OBLASTI
Křepelka, Pavel ; Jakubec,, Martin (oponent) ; Skládal, Petr (oponent) ; Mikulka, Jan (vedoucí práce)
Práce se zabývá měřením a interpretací NIR spekter bakteriálních buněk a výzkumem biosenzorických technik, využívající tuto analytickou techniku. Je zde rozebrán současný stav vědění v oblasti NIR spektroskopie v mikrobiologii a technologie optovláknových biosenzorů. Z rozboru vyplývá, že NIR je vhodnou technikou pro přímou molekulární analýzu bakterií, která však trpí nízkou citlivostí a nedostatečnou interpretací bakteriálních spekter. V další části práce je uveden teoretický rozbor technik spektrální analýzy a technologie optovláknových senzorů. V praktické části práce jsou představeny experimenty a výzkum vedoucí k odstranění těchto nevýhod NIR spektroskopie v mikrobiologii. Je zde shrnuta řada experimentů sloužící k interpretaci NIR spekter bakterií a návrh optovláknového senzoru pro zvýšení citlivosti této techniky. V této práci byly určeny a částečně interpretovány spektrální regiony důležité pro identifikaci bakteriálních kmenů a navržen senzor pro analýzu bakterií, který je schopný klasifikovat kmeny na základě 105 zachycených buněk. Tím byly splněny cíle této práce.
|
host ::
RSS.