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Helium Cryostat for Experimental Study of Natural Turbulent Convection
Urban, Pavel ; Jícha, Miroslav (oponent) ; Rotter, Miloš (oponent) ; Fedor,, Ján (oponent) ; Musilová, Věra (vedoucí práce)
The thesis focuses on the design of a helium cryostat with an experimental convection cell for the study of natural turbulent convection in the range of Rayleigh numbers Ra up to 1015 and Nusselt numbers Nu up to 104. Cryogenic 4He gas is used as a working fluid for experimental studies due to its advantageous properties that allow reaching very high Ra numbers. The cryostat design is based on the conception of low-loss NMR magnet cryostats. In the centre of the cryostat a cylindrical convection cell of 300 mm in diameter and 300 mm in height is placed. The cell is made of middle, top and bottom parts. These are jointed together by flanges sealed by indium wires. The middle part is exchangeable and allows the geometry of the cell to be modified. The cell is designed for measurements at pressures up to 250 kPa. The main advantage of this cryostat is the minimal influence of the cell design and materials on the studied convection.
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Role of the superconductivity in radiative heat transfer
Králík, Tomáš ; Musilová, Věra ; Srnka, Aleš ; Fořt, Tomáš ; Frolec, Jiří
The absorption and emission of thermal radiation by metals is related to their electrical properties that are influenced by impurities, defects and temperature. We show by some examples of measurements on common metals how different can be the thermal radiative properties. When the heat is transferred across a microscopic vacuum gap in the near field regime, it is possible to achieve a step-like change of the heat\ntransfer based on a superconducting transition. An interesting feature of this effect is the nonlinear thermal conductivity effecting a change of the sign of the differential thermal conductivity across the vacuum gap.
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Effect of gold coating on emissivity and absorptivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Frolec, Jiří ; Králík, Tomáš ; Musilová, Věra ; Urban, Pavel
The article provides experimental analysis of total hemispherical emissivity and absorptivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy before and after deposition of 1-2 .pí.m gold layer. We measured their dependences on the temperature of thermal radiation (varying from 20 K to 320 K) and confronted these results with mechanically polished copper, i.e. with material known for extremely low emissivity and absorptivity. Galvanic deposition of pure gold resulted in significant lowering of original emissivity of Ti-6Al-4V bare surfaces from 15.8 percent to 3.4 percent at 300 K and from 4.1 percent to 1.1 percent at 20 K. Our findings about thermal-radiative properties have practical relevance for an improvement of a low temperature part of an ultra-high vacuum scanning probe microscope\n(UHV-SPM) designed by our group and could also be useful for other applications and low temperature systems.
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Yaoi manga a slash fanfiction pohledem sociologie
Musilová, Věra ; Maříková, Hana (vedoucí práce) ; Kotík, Michal (oponent)
Diplomová práce pojednává o slash fanfiction a yaoi manze, nesourodých a přesto obdobných fenoménech fanouškovské kultury. Yaoi manga jako žánr japonského komiksu tvořený ženami a určený ženám a slash fanfiction, jako ženská reakce na popkulturu vytvářenou hlavně mužskými autory, jsou obojí žánry pojednávající o romantickém vztahu dvou mužů. Tento vztah je vykreslován od něžných příběhů po nejtvrdší pornografii. Autorka si klade za cíl popsat pojmy a představit několik nejvlivnějších přístupů ke zkoumání problematiky. Práce se tématem zabývá z kulturního a genderového pohledu. Kulturní pohled nabízí shrnutí přístupů frankfurtské a birminghamské školy, objasnění pohledu Abercrombieho s Longhurstem a dalších autorů na současný i budoucí vývoj publik. Zároveň je v práci alespoň částečně zmapované internetové prostředí, které je pro fanouškovské komunity zásadní. Genderový pohled nabízí popis postavení názory na postavení ženy v popkultuře, vysvětlení motivace čtenářek/autorek vztažených k problematice homosexuality a pohled feminismů na pornografii. Součástí je i výzkum s fanynkami a fanoušky, potažmo autorkami a autory slash fanfikce a yaoi mangy.
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Dobrovolně bezdětní v České republice
Musilová, Věra ; Hamplová, Dana (vedoucí práce) ; Duffková, Jana (oponent)
Práce se zabývá bezdětností, konkrétně předně fenoménem bezdětnosti dobrovolné. Jedná se o teoretický přehled o dobrovolné bezdětnosti v České republice doplněný kvalitativním výzkumem mezi členy internetových skupin nokidding. Zaměřuje se na popis bezdětnosti se specifikací dobrovolné bezdětnosti. Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit, co dobrovolně bezdětné spojuje, jaké mají názory, co je náplní jejich života, jak jsou s ním spokojeni, jak si plánují budoucnost, zda se potýkají s odsouzením ze strany většinové společnosti, jaké bylo jejich dětství a co je k jejich rozhodnutí vede.
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Helium Cryostat for Experimental Study of Natural Turbulent Convection
Urban, Pavel ; Jícha, Miroslav (oponent) ; Rotter, Miloš (oponent) ; Fedor,, Ján (oponent) ; Musilová, Věra (vedoucí práce)
The thesis focuses on the design of a helium cryostat with an experimental convection cell for the study of natural turbulent convection in the range of Rayleigh numbers Ra up to 1015 and Nusselt numbers Nu up to 104. Cryogenic 4He gas is used as a working fluid for experimental studies due to its advantageous properties that allow reaching very high Ra numbers. The cryostat design is based on the conception of low-loss NMR magnet cryostats. In the centre of the cryostat a cylindrical convection cell of 300 mm in diameter and 300 mm in height is placed. The cell is made of middle, top and bottom parts. These are jointed together by flanges sealed by indium wires. The middle part is exchangeable and allows the geometry of the cell to be modified. The cell is designed for measurements at pressures up to 250 kPa. The main advantage of this cryostat is the minimal influence of the cell design and materials on the studied convection.
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Design and Testing of Low Temperature Part of an UHV – SPM Microscope
Frolec, Jiří ; Vonka, J. ; Hanzelka, Pavel ; Králík, Tomáš ; Musilová, Věra ; Urban, Pavel
We have developed low temperature part of an ultra high vacuum scanning probe microscope (UHV-SPM) working at variable temperature within the range from 20 K to 700 K. To achieve the required temperature range, a flow cooling system using cryogenic helium (approximately 5 K) as a coolant was designed. The system consists of a flow cryostat and a flexible low-loss transfer line connecting a Dewar vessel with the flow cryostat. We have also tested liquid nitrogen (approximately 77 K) as an alternative low-cost coolant. Using nitrogen, the microscope can operate at temperatures of about 100 K and higher. As the flow of the coolant through the cryostat can cause thermally induced two-phase flow fluctuations resulting in instability in temperatures, preliminary tests were done in order to find ways of avoiding the temperature oscillations and optimising the cooling process.
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Factors Influencing Thermal Radiative Properties of Metals
Králík, Tomáš ; Hanzelka, Pavel ; Musilová, Věra ; Srnka, Aleš
Data on thermal absorptivity and emissivity are important for calculations of heat flows in cryogenic devices. Although thermal radiative properties of materials used in cryogenics are measured, published and used for more than sixty years we have noticed that sometimes users of that data don’t well understand the significance of individual factors influencing thermal radiative properties. The sensitivity of the thermal radiative properties of metals to the condition of the surface and the difficulty of measurement, especially at low temperatures is probably the reason of dispersion of the published values. The effect of the material and its purity, finishing (machining, mechanical or chemical polishing) and of the protective coatings or accidental layers (water, oxidation) on the thermal radiative properties is not always obvious. Influence of the material, surface treatment, roughness and layers on the surface is discussed on the basis of our 20 year experience with measurement of the emissivity and absorptivity in the range from 20 K to 300 K.
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Cryogenic He experiment on Natural Turbulent Convection
Králík, Tomáš ; Urban, Pavel ; Musilová, Věra ; Hanzelka, Pavel ; Srnka, Aleš ; Repisky, Andrej
Cryogenic helium gas is a suitable fluid for study of natural turbulent convection at very high Rayleigh numbers. We present experimental method and new result on Reynolds and Péclet numbers characterizing large scale circulation (LSC) of fluid at Rayleigh numbers within the range from 1011 to 1015. Observation of LSC is based on measurement of local temperature fluctuations of convecting helium. For experiments we used a specially designed cylindrical cell of height L = 0.3 m and diameter D = 0.3 m with minimized parasitic effects on studied convection, previously published on CryoPrague 2006 [1].
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