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Molecular bases for the effect of exercise on postmenopausal bone health
Mocová, Klára ; Škubica, Patrik (advisor) ; Pikner, Richard (referee)
Hormonal changes caused by menopause, most notably the decline in estradiol levels, lead to rapid bone loss, putting a significant percentage of postmenopausal women at serious risk of developing osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporosis influences many aspects of women's health and their overall well-being. Regular physical activity is considered one of the essential means to slow the bone loss process and prevent bone fragility. Many molecules play a role in the reaction of bone to mechanical stress during exercise, both those produced directly by bone cells and those expressed by other tissues, such as myokines and cytokines. The molecular connections between the menopausal changes in bone and the skeletal reaction to exercise are not well-known, especially considering variables like different types of exercise or individual levels of osteoporosis risk. Learning more about these links could help us better understand how exactly exercise influences postmenopausal bones. Moreover, it would be beneficial for creating more effective guidelines for osteoporosis prevention through exercise and developing better prevention and treatment approaches for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Keywords: menopause, bone metabolism, physical activity, exercise, postmenopausal osteoporosis
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Environmental impact of construction products containing waste glass
Dibdiaková, Magdaléna ; Mocová, Klára Anna (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
This work deal with the impact of waste glass on the environment, its landfilling, and recycling into new glass or other materials. The effect of various physico-chemical properties of glass on the environment is presented. The use of glass waste in the construction industry is pointed out, specifically as an admixture in concrete, and its effect on the properties of such material. Part of the work is our own research focused on the toxicity of leachates of crushed glass of different colors as well as HPC concrete with an admixture of crushed glass. For this purpose, a test was carried out on the Lemna minor plant, which assessed growth inhibition, total chlorophyll (a,b) and the ratio of total chlorophyll (a,b) to carotenoids. Elemental analysis of glass and HPC concrete samples was also part of the research. Key words: glass, toxicity, concrete, Lemna minor, recycling
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Determination of the stoichiometry of the coopper complexes with 7,8-dihydroxycoumarins
Mocová, Klára ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Maixnerová, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Klára Mocová, MSc. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Determination of the stoichiometry of the copper complexes with 7,8-dihydroxycoumarins Copper is an important element, which is necessary for right functioning of the organism because of its presence in wide range of enzymes. However, increased level of this element can cause various health complications. Coumarins are natural or synthetic substances, which contain 1,2-benzopyrone in their chemical structure. These compounds are known, among others, by their antioxidant activity, which includes the ability to chelate metals and hence form complexes with them. The stoichiometry of the complex is one of the important characteristics of metal complexes. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the stoichiometry of 7,8- dihydroxycoumarins complexes with copper. We have been dealing with chelating activity of 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin with Cu+ and Cu2+ ions. Direct UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to measure the complex formation at four physiologically or pathophysiologically relevant pH conditions (4,5; 5,5; 6,8 a 7,5). Both tested coumarins chelated Cu2+ ions in...
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Response of primary photosynthetic processes in C3 and C4 monocotyledonous plants to steroids aplication
Frimlová, Klára ; Rothová, Olga (advisor) ; Mocová, Klára Anna (referee)
Brassinosteroids and ecdysteroid are naturally occuring chemical compounds in plants. The aim of this study was to show whether the application of exogenous steroids such as brassinosteroids (24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone) and ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone) can affect the morphological parameters and primary photosyntetic processes of selected monocotyledons that was barley, wheat, maize and sorghum. Non-destructive method for measuring of fast kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence in investigated plants was used. Analysis of primary photosynthetic processes was realized in five time periods from the application of exogenous steroids on the two different old leaves. The response to the treatment by exogenous steroid was different species by plant species. One week after the application of exogenous steroids plants showed differences in their morphological parameters but most of them were not signifficant. The most steroid-sensitive plant was wheat morphological parameters of were significantly different from untreated control plants. No change in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II to the application of exogenous steroid in plants of Sorghum bicolor L. was detected. In the other examined plant species changes in photosynthesis parameters were detected which...
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Response of primary photosynthetic processes in C3 and C4 monocotyledonous plants to steroids aplication
Frimlová, Klára ; Rothová, Olga (advisor) ; Mocová, Klára Anna (referee)
Brassinosteroids and ecdysteroid are naturally occuring chemical compounds in plants. The aim of this study was to show whether the application of exogenous steroids such as brassinosteroids (24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone) and ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone) can affect the morphological parameters and primary photosyntetic processes of selected monocotyledons that was barley, wheat, maize and sorghum. Non-destructive method for measuring of fast kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence in investigated plants was used. Analysis of primary photosynthetic processes was realized in five time periods from the application of exogenous steroids on the two different old leaves. The response to the treatment by exogenous steroid was different species by plant species. One week after the application of exogenous steroids plants showed differences in their morphological parameters but most of them were not signifficant. The most steroid-sensitive plant was wheat morphological parameters of were significantly different from untreated control plants. No change in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II to the application of exogenous steroid in plants of Sorghum bicolor L. was detected. In the other examined plant species changes in photosynthesis parameters were detected which...
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Determination of the stoichiometry of the coopper complexes with 7,8-dihydroxycoumarins
Mocová, Klára ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Maixnerová, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Klára Mocová, MSc. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Determination of the stoichiometry of the copper complexes with 7,8-dihydroxycoumarins Copper is an important element, which is necessary for right functioning of the organism because of its presence in wide range of enzymes. However, increased level of this element can cause various health complications. Coumarins are natural or synthetic substances, which contain 1,2-benzopyrone in their chemical structure. These compounds are known, among others, by their antioxidant activity, which includes the ability to chelate metals and hence form complexes with them. The stoichiometry of the complex is one of the important characteristics of metal complexes. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the stoichiometry of 7,8- dihydroxycoumarins complexes with copper. We have been dealing with chelating activity of 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin and 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin with Cu+ and Cu2+ ions. Direct UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to measure the complex formation at four physiologically or pathophysiologically relevant pH conditions (4,5; 5,5; 6,8 a 7,5). Both tested coumarins chelated Cu2+ ions in...
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