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Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population
Jírová, Jitka
Tuberculosis - re-established problem of European population Abstract The main objective of this study is to collect data and to provide information about current tuberculosis burden on European population and to capture the most important trends in development of spreading the infection in the European region in the period 1995-2010. A typology of the countries of the European region is performed on the base of main features of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the period 2008-2010. Detailed analysis of level of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality for each region was based on available data. The study also presents the plans of major world and European organizations to eliminate spread of tuberculosis.
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Occurence of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL and AmpC type) in patients with community acquired urinary tract infection
JÍROVÁ, Jessica
Antibiotic resistance is a global problem and is increasing every year. As urinary tract infections are one of the most common causes for prescribing antibiotics, the incidence of bacteria resistant to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing. Representatives of Enterobacteriaceae, a gramnegative bacteria, are among the most common pathogens causing UTIs. They are producers of beta-lactamases, that break down and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics, that are commonly used therapeutics to treat UTIs. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis deals with the characteristics of community-acquired urinary tract infections, especially their diagnosis, therapy and prevention. General properties and laboratory diagnostics of the Enterobacteriaceae family are described here. The final part outlines the content of antibiotic policy and centers in the Czech Republic. The description of the action of antimicrobial substances, specifically beta-lactam antibiotics, follows. The following is a division of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Attention is focused on the description of beta-lactam resistance, the production of beta-lactamase enzymes (especially of the ESBL and AmpC types), which inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics. The theoretical part ends with a description of laboratory diagnostics of beta-lactamases (ESBL and Ampc types). The practical part deals with urine sample processing in a microbiology laboratory and the detection of enterobacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. The process involves urine collection, transport and culture process of the sample on the appropriate diagnostic medium. This is followed by microscopy of the microbes and isolation of a pure colony of microbes from the family Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacteria is diagnosed by using biochemical properties of a microbe grown on a special Švejcar medium and by changing colors by reagents in the INDOL test. A set of tests is used to demonstrate the production of beta-lactamases, ESBL and AmpC types. Disk diffusion test shows whether the strain is sensitive or resistant to the relevant antimicrobial agent. The DDST test is used to detect Enterobacteria producing ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamases. Chromogenic ESBL medium identifies strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. The research was performed in the Stafila microbiological laboratory for a period of 3 months. The frequency of individual representatives of enterobacteria causing community-acquired urinary tract infections was compared here, depending on the age and type of urine collected. Another comparison was in terms of the percentage of ESBL and AmpC positivity in polyresistant Enterobacteriaceae, also depending on the age and type of urine collected. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen diagnosed in the urine of patients with urinary tract infections, with up to 60.67%. Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae should not be overlooked either. The average age of patients with urinary tract inflammation is 54 years. ESBL positive samples were 9% of the total number of processed urine. AmpC positive urine was slightly less, 4% of the total urine count. According to the results, the most vulnerable group of patients are the elderly in care facilities, with an permanent catheter or one-time catheterisation. The final part of the bachelor thesis points to possible solutions to the problem of poly-resistant bacteria in patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections.
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Body language and the language of art
Jírová, Josefína ; Kitzbergerová, Leonora (advisor) ; Hůla, Zdenek (referee)
The proposed thesis deals with the topic of body language in visual art and with understanding of body language as synergy of the innermost experience and the experience of the bodily form. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses psychological, anthropological and art historical literature published both in the Czech Republic and abroad. The point of departure for the theoretical part is the concept of interconnectedness of sensory perception, its cognitive analysis and the ensuing answer to the environment, focusing especially on the subjective character of these processes. In the practical part of the proposed thesis, an educational art project is designed, based on the results of the theoretical study in the first part and impulses from contemporary visual art (Eva Koťátková, Erwin Wurm, Miriam Cabessa and others). The aim of the educational part is to observe the processes mentioned above, concentrating especially on the creative expression through an artistic action and the experience of the individual.
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Body language and the language of art
Jírová, Josefína ; Kitzbergerová, Leonora (advisor) ; Hůla, Zdenek (referee)
The proposed thesis deals with the topic of body language in visual art and with understanding of body language as synergy of the innermost experience and the experience of the bodily form. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses psychological, anthropological and art historical literature published both in the Czech Republic and abroad. The point of departure for the theoretical part is the concept of interconnectedness of sensory perception, its cognitive analysis and the ensuing answer to the environment, focusing especially on the subjective character of these processes. In the practical part of the proposed thesis, an educational art project is designed, based on the results of the theoretical study in the first part and impulses from contemporary visual art (Eva Koťátková, Erwin Wurm, Miriam Cabessa and others). The aim of the educational part is to observe the processes mentioned above, concentrating especially on the creative expression through an artistic action and the experience of the individual.
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Aromatherapy as a part of relaxation techniques.
JÍROVÁ, Jana
My paper deals with using of aromatherapy as a part of relaxation techniques. In theoretical part I dealt with definition of relaxation and its sense. The most part I engaged in aromatherapy itself. I aimed on meaning of word aromatherapy, its history and its use in our time. I also pursued herbs and etheric oils, which unconditionaly belongs to aromatherapy. The practical part includes evaluation of enquiry aplicated on students of Health education which is aimed to trace theier opinion on alternative prevention/treatment and on adding the aromatherapy to the curriculum of the Regeneration subject which is teached on Health education. Research technique was a questionnaire refilled with a dialog. Results of the enquiry shows, that preferences of alternative prevention/treatment raises up at the expense of pharmaceutics. Students would like to spread out theier knowledge about this relaxation technique, which they could use not only for themselves, but in theier future work.
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