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Time as Necessery Subjektive Condition of the Perception Process
HUNAL, Lukáš
My thesis describes the relation between time and the perception process. Time is understood as a necessary subjective condition for any cognition. Chapter 1 deals with a comprehensive understanding of time. Time is divided into objective time, subjective time and time as a subjective condition necessary for cognition. Chapter 2 describes the perception process. Perception is viewed as a central process, which continuously generates a sensory image of reality based on stimuli mediated from the outside world. Chapter 3 describes how time is related to human perception. Time is considered a necessary condition for things to be viewed in sequence.
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Drugs and activities that could cause danger to life, health or damage to property
HANDSCHUHOVÁ, Silvie
The objective of this thesis is to summarize the effects of drugs, especially of the cannabinoids and amphetamine type stimulants, and to analyse which of these substances leads to high-risk activities, that could endanger life, health or result in damage to property. One of these activities, an important one, is driving under the influence of drugs. Driving itself is a complex demand, involving perception, decision making, psychomotor skills, knowledge, as well as attitudes and personality characteristics. Substance use and abuse has an impact on the functioning of the brain and mental processes and therefore on the performance of the driving task. Driving under the influence of drugs is a high risk activity which endangers not only the driver but also their surroundings. In the last few years, the Czech Republic registered a rapid increase in the number of impaired drivers, namely at police check points and in car accidents. The young drivers are mostly under influence of marijuana, respectively tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Its negative effect on driving results from impaired co-ordination, slowed complex reaction time and in space and time distortion. The second group of drugs which can impair drivers is amphetamine type stimulants. Amphetamines are frequently sought by truck drivers, especially long-haul drivers, in Western Europe for its stimulative effects. In the Czech Republic the methamphetamine, Pervitin, is much more common. Intoxication is characterized by increased wakefulness, increased physical activity, increased respiration, rapid heart rate and an irregular heartbeat. The risk factors for driving are a lack of concentration and an overestimation of one{\crq}s own capabilities. After the acute phase of intoxication subsides, fatigue or states of narcolepsy may occur. Another amphetamine-based drug is methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA or Ecstasy. This synthetic substance, chemically related to mescaline, is dangerous due to its ability to regulate body temperature. On rare but unpredictable occasions, this can lead to sharp hyperthermia, resulting in liver, kidney and cardiovascular system failure, and death. It can also cause hallucinations. All common drugs are easily detectable with ``drug test-cards{\crqq}, which are used during police checks around the the world. The Czech Republic is currently testing their utilization and is preparing legislation accordingly. Utilization of these tests during random checks could help to decrease the number of fatal road accidents and could help to decrease the number of impaired drivers on the roads.
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Raising a child with chronic illness in the family
TUŠEROVÁ, Ivana
The work deals with chronically ill children. By that each family is something specific, the perception is different, trying to work to show how a chronic illness affect family functioning as a long-term affects relationships among family members and parenting style not only in relation to the sick child, but also his siblings. Describes the actual experiences of individual families, each family both experienced disease differently, but at the same time showing what they have in common.
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Lifestyle and culture in the everyday life of Russian society in the late medieval period through the eyes of western Europeans
Vavřinová, Valburga ; Picková, Dana (advisor) ; Krejčík, Tomáš (referee) ; Stellner, František (referee)
The intention of the presented dissertation was to examine reports provided by foreigners coming to Rus in the 15th and 16th centuries from the aspect of cognizance and perception of customs and institutions and everyday life of the country, and to shed light on this reflection made by people from a different cultural environment. For a better illustration of the perception of a specific reality in late medieval Rus and its interpretation by Western Europeans visitors, it was necessary to place their work into a more general framework of the history of the Russian state in the time when it was "rediscovered" by Western Europe, and to recall again the development of its relations with individual Western European subjects. The work is divided into the following parts. In the first chapter Rus and the West in the 15th and 16th Centuries, the development of events is outlined, which were fundamental in forming the Muscovite state in this period and its first "opening a window to Europe". The second chapter Western Europeans as a Source of Information about Rus presents a broader and thematically wider analysis of the used sources. Its aim is to introduce the authors who, in the given period, wrote work focused on Rus and the lives of its inhabitants. Attention is paid to the circumstances in which they visited...
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Health and social problems of people after spinal cord injury
HÁJKOVÁ, Gabriela
The aim of this work is to find out whether the people after spinal cord injury are motivated enough to get work and whether emplozers accept their demand of part-time working hours because of their health condition. The method of this work was research, the form of questionnaire. The research was carried out in Prague, The Union of Paraplegics in the Center Paraple. 82 out of 95 asked respondents took part in the survey. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is theoretical. It presents brief anatomics description of spine and central nerve system, the change of health condition after spinal cord injury as well as the psychosocial trauma of people wirh spinal cord lesion. Next, the teoretical part deals with komplex rehabilitation-medical, social, pedagogical and working one. The thesis focuses especially on the working rehabilitation, referring to one elementary human rights-the right for work. It deals with the problem of the handicapped people unemployment and its characteristics. Next the chapter of working rehabilitation deals with the legislation of handicapped people unemployment, especially the new unemployment law n. 435/2004 Sb. Nowadays we can no longer ignore international documents concerning the employment of handicapped people, mentioned in the final chapter of the theoretical part. The second part of thesis is practical. It includes the resultsof both, the survey and the questioning by phone. The data are processed percentualy and graphically. every graph has its own description. Then the results are discussed. People after spinal cord injury are motivated to work. Yet, there are many obstacles to the employment of these people, which may result in their desillusion and demotivation to work. One of such obstacles is e.g. the fact that potential employers do not accept their demand of shorter working hours. The final part of the thesis includes the conclusion, the list of sources and supplement.
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Comprehensive system of rehabilitation in younger individuals after stroke
BEČVÁŘOVÁ, Lucie
Title of the bachelor thesis is Comprehensive rehabilitation in younger individuals after stroke. The aim of this thesis was to determine the subjective perception of individuals´ needs after stroke. The theoretic part is divided into two main chapters. The first one contains brief information about the disease, its types, anatomy and physiology background and symptoms. The second chapter deals with the issue of comprehensive rehabilitation and its parts. Particular approaches are defined and described in detail, health professionals working in this area are also mentioned here. The research part was processed by a method of qualitative research strategy. Semi-structured interview technique and observation were used. The research set included 5 respondents - four men and one woman. Past history of stroke and age of individuals between 45 and 55 years were the inclusion criteria for this research. Interview was held according to scenario questions, where I focused on two areas. First section included information about the respondent, his disease and treatment in the way of comprehensive rehabilitation. In the second part, respondents were asked how their life had changed after the experience of stroke. The interview was audio-recorded and then verbatim transcribed. One of the respondents did not wish to be audio-recorded, thus written notes were taken during the interview. Interviewing results are presented in a narrative format. By conducting this research I tried to answer the following question: What are the needs of individuals at various stages of stroke recovery? Need of self-sufficiency was mentioned by all respondents. In early stage, it was mainly coping with basic activities such as food intake, control of excretion, verbal expression and movement. In the later phase of treatment, there are increasing demands on self-care, understanding ability, memory and social interaction. Individuals often went through an intensive therapy. After returning back to their home environment, the need of self-realization, activation and meaningful ways to spend a free time are the most significant issues. This work should provide more information on the given topic.
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Shark as a cultural concept
Pechová, Karolina ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Půtová, Barbora (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze shark as a cultural concept. From cultural point of view, we are able to look at the shark as a pattern, which is always changing in time and environment, in other words, sharks are not only sea species but also creatures holding symbol of meaning. In many world cultures, shark became a symbol of many meanings. Using the system analysis approach, I will attempt to describe the shark from different point of view of Human sciences. First of all I will make a research about shark as a biological part and its importance and indispensableness in perfectly balanced ocean life. Including possible consequences of losing this fascinating creature by exterminating it. From biological and ecological outlook I will move to socio-cultural and symbolical part, which I comprehend as a pivotal point in this research as whole. This chapter is dedicated to the question of overall negative perception of sharks by people. Among other topics, I will also attempt to describe symbolical meaning of sharks in Pacific cultures and compare with its role in western culture. Media and its influence on general perception of sharks will be the subject of the following chapter. Media are powerful tool for shaping the public opinion, it is a fact. As Winston Churchill said - "There is no public...
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Circle Time in Kindergarten
JINDROVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis deals the community circle in the kindergaten. Theoretical part deals with curent preschool child and organization of the day in the kindergaten. Community circle is normal part of the day. The next part says about community circle, his function and techniques. The end the theoretical part is the development the preschool child. The child development in the motor development, cognitive and speech. The practical part is devoted to research. During the investigation were monitored the children's behavior in the community circle. There has been used the method of observation and analysis of videotapes of the kindergarten environment.The information obtained testify indicate the group of children aged 3-5 years.
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Texture Analysis of Ophthalmologic Images
Kaňka, Jan ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Jan, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with creating of software for textural analysis of retinal images by statistic method called co-occurrence matrices as possible alternative method to detection of lesion of retina by the glaucoma diseases. The Glaucoma diseases without well-timed diagnostics and consequential treatment leads to blindness. The retinal images captured by fundus camera are common, easily processable and modern devices are able to make images of 10 Mpix resolution and bigger, what specifies outputs of analytic software. Method of co-occurrence analysis is simple and effective statistic. But computing demandingness, showing up with growing objective quality, comming up as disadvantage.
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