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Approach and responsibility of today's patiens to cataracta disease.
ZEITHAMOVÁ, Eva
Cataract - Cataract is a disease of the eye lens and can affect all age groups. If left untreated, it can significantly impair vision or lead to blindness. In the theoretical part, I tried to clarify what the cataract actually is, what types of cataract do we have, examination methods, diagnostics, treatment, and nursing care in patients with cataract. In the second part, I tried to explain what the patient awareness is, and how important it is to inform patients about this disease, preoperative and postoperative care as well as after-care in home environment. In the practical part, quantitative survey in a form of questionnaire has been used. The survey took place at the Departmen of Ophthalmology, Jihlava Hospital. I have created two types of questionnaire, for nurses as well as for patients. Results were recorded in bar charts. Three hypotheses are determined for goals. Hypothesis No 1 - younger and younger patients undergo cataract surgery. Hypothesis No 2 - patients are more responsible and well informed. Hypothesis No 3 - level of cooperation with healthcare staff coresponds to anticipations of patient with ocular disease. All three hypotheses were confirmed. Even though the hypothesis No 2 has been confirmed, some patient answers do not indicate it. It is definitely necessary to continue putting stress on awareness, have enough time to inform patients and answer questions of all patients. Results of my work can lead to creation of time space for communication with patient; ensure synoptic and sufficient quantity of information material adequate to the patient needs.
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Immunological profile of patients with multiple sclerosis
Šubjak, David ; Fišerová, Anna (advisor) ; Růžičková, Šárka (referee)
Immunological profile of multiple sclerosis patients Abstrakt Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease affecting predominantly the white matter of the CNS and the spinal cord. The mechanism of disease progression is not yet fully understood. In this study we focused on a comparison of selected immunological markers between patients with multiple sclerosis who were naïve newly diagnosed, subsequently treated with Avonex (IFNβ1a) and healthy donors. The T cells (particulary cytotoxic CD8+ T cells) are the major population involved in pathogenesis of MS causing the demyelization of axons. Subpopulation of CD161+ Th cells has a potential to be very important in this process. We focused on the role of NK cells phenotype and function in autoimmune response of patients and their changes during the therapeutic intervention. Using flow cytometry we analyzed the distribution of NK, NKT, T cells and monocytes with special regard to the expression of CD161 and NKG2D molecules on their surface. We observed increase counts of CD161+ cells in subpopulations NK CD56bright , NK CD56dim , Th, Tc CD8bright , Tc CD8dim and decrease counts of NKG2D+ cells in subpopulations NK CD56bright , NK CD56dim , NKT, Th, Tc CD8bright , Tc CD8dim and monocytes. The decreased cytotoxic activity of NK cells in naïve MS...
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Statistical Classification by means of generalized linear models
Sladká, Vladimíra ; Mrázková, Eva (referee) ; Michálek, Jaroslav (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is introduce the theory of generalized linear models, namely probit and logit model. This models are especially used for medical data processing. In our concrete case these mentioned models are applied to data file obtained in teaching hospital Brno. The aim is statically analyzed immune response of child patients in dependence of twelve selected types of genes and find out which combinations of these genes influence septic state of patients.
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Genetic Aspects of Sporadic Ovarian Cancer
Jančárková, Natalia ; Freitag, Pavel (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Kohoutová, Milada (referee)
58 9. SUMMARY Molecular biological parameters, including genetic alterations, present new and perspective direction in diagnostics, prediction of prognosis, monitoring and possible therapeutic approaches in oncological disease. The results presented have to do with the project, which is concentrated upon chromosomal rearrangements in ovarian and cervical cancer and their correlations with available parameters of both molecular biological and clinical characteristics. Sixty patients with ovarian cancer and twenty patients manifesting cervical cancer were included into the study. The histological type and grade, MIB-1 and p53 (using immunohistochemical method) were estimated by histopathologist. Both conventional karyotyping and molecular-cytogenetic methods (fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization) were applied to reveal chromosomal aberrations. The results were subjected to statistical evaluation, using analysis of variances and χ2 test. There were correlated parameters of quantitative and qualitative character - age, stage, histological type, grade, CA 125 before and after treatment, MIB-1, p53, surgical residuum, lymphadenectomy, response rate, chromosomal rearrangements. Analyses accomplished in ovarian cancer group revealed typical amplifications on chromosomes 1q, 3q and...
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Tick-borne encephalitis - from pathogenesis to therapy
PALUS, Martin
The proposed thesis contributes to the knowledge about tick-borne encephalitis and its pathogenesis. The thesis describes pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis, impact of host's genotype in clinical course determination, immune response of patients with acute tick-borne encephalitis, the mechanism of tick-borne encephalitis virus migration into central nervous system and virus interaction with cells of neurovascular unit as well as potential medical interventions.
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Residual cognitive capacity in unconscious patients. Event related potentials and cerebral blood flow study
Holečková, Irena ; Choc, Milan (advisor) ; Polívka, Jiří (referee) ; Rektor, Ivan (referee) ; Stejskal, Lubor (referee)
UNIVERSITÉ CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 - LYON Ecole Doctorale Biologie Moléculaire Intégrée et Cognitive Année Universitaire 2007 - 2008 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE Lékařská fakulta v Plzni Vědní obor : chirurgické obory THESE EN COTTUTELLE FRANCO - TCHEQUE Irena HOLEČKOVÁ Neurochirurgické oddělení Fakultní nemocnice v Plzni Capacités cognitives chez les patients inconscients Étude des potentiels évoqués cognitifs et du débit sanguin cérébral Kognitivní kapacita u pacientů s poruchou vědomí Studie kognitivních evokovaných potenciálů a mozkového krevního průtoku Cognitive capacity in unconscious patients Event related potentials and cerebral blood flow study 2008 Ce travail de thèse a reçu le soutien financier de l'Ambassade de France en République Tchèque L'ensemble des travaux a été réalisé dans le Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Epileptologie de l'Hôpital Neurologique de Lyon, au sein de l'équipe de l' Unité INSERM 821 et au sein de CERMEP-imagerie du vivant de Lyon, France. Remerciements Le mot remerciement s'avère insuffisant pour exprimer ma reconnaissance envers Madame Catherine Fischer, Chargée de recherche, pour avoir diriger ce travail. Sa compétence, ses conseils ont été essentiels à la réalisation de cette thèse. Je vous remercie de m'avoir «ouvert les oreilles» au domaine passionnant des...
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The mothers education about baby swimming
POTUŽNÍKOVÁ, Lucie
Specialists engaged in providing health care belong among those whose job description binds them to educate the others in health-related issues. Such activity should always be strictly professional in its characteristics, procedures, methods and objectives. Nowadays people feel increasingly responsible for their health and try to take active care of the quality of their lives, also at the stage of life when they bring up their offspring. Perhaps that was the reason why people started to take their children of pre-school age or even younger to what is known as the "infant swimming". The theoretical part of the activity is dedicated to education, i.e. the rules and conditions of the infant swimming, and with this part completed, the swimming proper may commence. The research, conducted between January and April 2008, was based on a quasi-experiment and a questionnaire survey. Altogether 100 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 99% were returned in usable form (one was rejected for incompleteness). The effort followed these objectives: (1) to prepare for mothers workable instructive materials on "swimming" with infants; (2) to inform mothers on swimming with infants; (3) to make certain the educational materials thus produced motivate mothers to try the "infant swimming; and (4) to inform nurses working in GP's surgeries specialized in children & youngster medicine on the "infant swimming". The research investigated 5 hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: mothers of infants are not informed on the "infant swimming" - confirmed; Hypothesis 2: mothers do not get their initial information on the "infant swimming" from nurses in the GP's surgeries specialized in children & youngster medicine - confirmed; Hypothesis 3: educational materials make the mothers of infants interested in the "infant swimming" - confirmed; Hypothesis 4: Nurses in the GP's surgeries specialized in children & youngster medicine are not informed on the "infant swimming" and, therefore, are not able to educate the mothers of infants - confirmed. Hypothesis 5: Nurses in the GP's surgeries specialized in children & youngster medicine are interested in this instructive material on "infant swimming" developed for mothers of infants - also confirmed. The Paper concluded that nurses working in the GP's surgeries specialized in children & youngster medicine do not sufficiently inform mothers of infants about the "infant swimming" (for they themselves lack the relevant information). Other findings show that the mothers would be happy about obtaining information on the "infant swimming" from the nurses at these medical offices. The Paper preparation became an occasion for development of a material on "infant swimming" possibly instrumental in spreading the related information among both the children's nurses and the mothers of infants. Apart from other purposes, this educational material can serve as a basis wherefrom other materials of similar nature will originate.
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Distribution of CD46 and β1 integrin molecules with respect to different membrane structures of the sperm head
Šebková, Nataša ; Frolíková, Michaela ; Děd, Lukáš ; Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
CD46 protein plays an important role during fertilization and its role is associated with acrosome stability. CD46 is probably involved in signalling pathways triggering the acrosome reaction (AR). It also associates through membrane integrins with specific MAP kinases involved in the AR. Our aim was to monitor the dynamics of relocation of CD46 and β1 integrin during sperm maturation and its preparation for the fertilization. The dependence of this localization changes on the dynamic of actin cytoskeleton was studied. Our results show the changes in the localization of these proteins associated with the AR and their co-localization was observed using proximity ligation assay. After the AR CD46 and β1 integrin spreads across the sperm head, entering the post-acrosomal compartment, and permeates the borders of different domains. It was shown previously that actin dynamics is necessary for acrosome reaction-associated translocation of Izumo1 protein that is required for sperm-egg fusion. Therefore Latrunculin A was used during sperm incubation. The co-incubation of capacitated sperm with Latrunculin A leads to a decrease of the percentages of sperm, which express relocation pattern after induced AR. 3D models and visualizations of potential membrane processes responsible for the relocation of proteins from the acrosomal area to the other compartments of the sperm head were prepared. Our results deliver new information that proteins CD46 and β1 integrin undergo dynamic relocation towards the sites of sperm-egg fusion during the AR in vitro. The inhibitor of actin dynamics abrogates significantly the AR-associated changes in proteins localization. We speculate that this relocation is of importance for the successful sperm-egg interaction, adhesion and subsequent gamete fusion.
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Fulfilling Needs of Appalic Patient from the Point of View of Family Members and Nurse as Part of Nursing Process.
DAŇKOVÁ, Alexandra
The apallic syndrome is a group of symptoms characteristic of a condition wherein the cerebral cortex ceases to govern the organism and only the brain stem remains effective. The condition is typical of a consciousness change known as the vigilant coma in which the patients' eyes move around without being able to fix on nearby persons or objects; the patients do not make any spontaneous movements and are unaware of both themselves and their surroundings, with which they cannot establish a contact. Adopting the viewpoints of nurses and family members, this paper addresses the needs of apallic patients. The theoretical part, while describing the syndrome and human needs in general, deals in detail with what the apallic patients may require and how they should be nursed. Moreover, the theoretical part specifies the role of nurses at the apallic patients' bedside, the issues of their families, and those of the way in which the nurse is supposed to communicate with the family. The paper aims to disclose the patients' needs; the level of their satisfaction; and the roles that nurses and families play in the care of apallic patients. These objectives yielded the following research questions: What needs of apallic patients should be met in the process of nursing? To what extent does the nursing process meet the needs? What role in the care of apallic patients should be assumed by nurses as assessed from their families' point of view? and What role in the care should be adopted by the family members themselves? The set being surveyed consisted of 10 nurses deployed at the Intensive Care Units (5 nurses from the Internal Medicine Department ICU and 5 from the 2nd Aftercare Department ICU of the České Budějovice Hospital) and 5 family members of the patients. The required information was gathered using the method of qualitative research applied through semi-structured interviews held with the nurses and the family members. The investigation took place on the premises of both ICUs of the Hospital. Answers obtained from the persons in response to the partial research questions made it possible to accomplish the paper's objective. The effort revealed certain deficiencies in the care being delivered. Not all the patients' needs were found properly satisfied, first and foremost psychosocial needs and those concerning activities. Such needs could be beneficially fulfilled with reliance on the concept of basal stimulation, a method not routinely used in the care. As follows from the interviews, in visiting their relatives the family members become depressed, and their emotions have not changed during the recent years. The paper can be instrumental in improving the quality of care provided by nurses to the apallic patients and in communicating with their families.
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