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Obranné reakce včel vůči přírodním toxinům
KAINZOVÁ, Klára
The aim of this master thesis was to describe the effect of honeybee venom on several physiological characteristics in the honeybees Apis mellifera themselves. They included the expression and level of vitellogenin in selected organs, AKHs production in CNS, level of dopamine in brain, fat body and Malpighian tubules, oxidative stress (the activity of catalase) and the structure of thoracic muscles in workers and drones. Results showed that the bee venom did not change the AKH level in CNS. However, the envenomation decreased the expression of vitellogenin in fat body, as well as the level of vitellogenin proteins both in fat body and haemolymph. Catalase activity was increased in the gut of workers but decreased in the gut of drones. The venoms application slightly increased dopamine levels in the fat body, brain and Malpighian tubules, but only in the fat body the rise was significant. Honeybee venom damaged the structures of myofibrils and mitochondria in the thoracic muscles of workers, however, co-application of the venom with AKH generally abolished this effect; situation in drones remains unknown.
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Včelí pastva a výživný potenciál medonosné rostliny
Půst, Petr
The diploma thesis is focused on the nutritional potential of bee friendly plants in the landscape for the honeybee. The aim was to verify a new method of evaluating the intensity nectar production of plants using the average daily weight changes of bee colonies placed in isolation cages on a plants of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. In the experiment, it was confirmed that the intensity of nectar production of bee friendly plants can be evaluated through the mass development of bee colonies placed in isolation cages with flowering vegetation with the same phenological phase. Statistically, it was not proved that plants of Phacelia tanacetifolia produce a higher amount of nectar during the first 7 days during its full bloom. The estimate of the honey yield in the experimental field growth of Phacelia tanacetifolia reached 210.5 kg/ha. The results can be used to investigate the effects on the production of nectar from plants in the future, thereby increasing the nutritional value of bee grazing in practice. Because a more nutritious bee pasture in the landscape is a fundamental determinant for the creation of a healthy, viable and productive bee colony.
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Změny ve vývoji hltanových žláz a obsahu celkového proteinu v hemolymfě dělnic včely medonosné
Babica, Ondřej
This thesis is focused on developmental specifics of honeybees emerged during the season and on monitoring the differences between weak, medium and strong honeybee colonies. The level of the total haemolymph protein appears to be an important indicator of worker bee condition and signals of the occurrence of the winter generation of bees. The level of the total haemolymph protein of bees emerged in August was several times higher than the protein level of bees hatched from May to the end of July. The strong colonies showed the highest values of total haemolymph protein. The size of the hypopharyngeal glands (HPGs) indicates the biological aging of the workers and development of the bee colony during season. Nurses were characterized by the most developed HPGs, and foragers had HPGs atrophied. Bees emerged in the late summer had more developed HPGs. These physiological parameters are influenced by the division of labour in dependence of temporal and biological polyethism.
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Education of preschool children in the topic of honey bee as an important pollinator.
MERIKOVÁ, Jitka
Presented bachelor thesis was focused on creating a range of educational activities within the framework of environmental education, the aim of which was to raise the awareness of preschool children about the importance of the honey bee as our important pollinator. The main emphasis was placed on a playful form of activities that are intended to arouse children's interest in learning in the given area and, using experiential learning methods, to realize the importance of pollinators for our society and humanity as such. Basic pedagogical terms and terminology were defined in the theoretical part. Another part of the bachelor's thesis was devoted to the origin of the honey bee, its biology and morphology. An integral part of this literary part, a description of the principle of pollination, its impact on food production and environmental biodiversity. In the Practical part, activities focused on a playful form of experiential learning was presented. The presented activities were implemented in a kindergarten in South Bohemia and are described in detail. The program was subjected to reflection, which evaluated the impact of educational offers on children in kindergarten.
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Bee trypanosomatids and their interactions with pollutants
Pařízková, Kamila ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Krejčí Bruce, Alena (referee)
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are highly valued worldwide for their products, but also as pollinators of crops and wild plants. Due to the close proximity of bees in the beehive and their foraging habits, a large number of pathogens that weaken the bee colonies are spread both inside and between colonies. In recent decades, high annual losses of bees have been recorded, which still do not have a clear explanation. The sudden loss of bees (known as colony collapse disorder) is likely due to the interaction of multiple factors at once. A large part of the problem is attributed to viral diseases and some parasitic organisms; parasites of the Trypanosomatida group play an uncertain role. A member of this group, Crithidia bombi, is considered a problematic inhabitant of the digestive tract of bumblebees, which can cause serious complications. Close relatives, C. mellificae and Lotmaria passim, parasites of honeybees, are sometimes associated with their higher mortality. Pesticides, whose effects can be very toxic, have also come to the forefront in assessing bee losses, and most pesticides have therefore been banned in the EU. This thesis examines the prevalence, infection development, and host specificity of monoxenous trypanosomatids in bees and their pesticide interactions. A total of 26 species of...
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Approximation of functions determining colony activity using neural networks
Nevláčil, Jakub ; Ligocki, Adam (referee) ; Honec, Peter (advisor)
Bees as a primary pollinator are an indispensable contribution to global agriculture and food production. However, their numbers have been constantly declining in recent times, primarily due to climate change, parasites or the effect of pesticide use. Understanding their behavior and reliably determine their activity and health could significantly prevent or slow down their decline. That is why this work deals with the development of a device for the acquisition of useful data from beehives, which could be used to determine the activity and health of the bees. Furthermore, this work deals with analysis of the accumulated data using machine learning methods with an emphasis on determining the activity and health of the bees.
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Comparison of selected quality indicators of honeys from different countries of the European Union
HOSNEDLOVÁ, Barbora
The topic of the diploma thesis was to compare selected quality indicators of individual samples of honey obtained from the countries of the European Economic Community. The samples of honey were both single-species (chestnut, sunflower, ...) and multi-species (meadow, forest). The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the characteristics of individual types of honey and their composition. Furthermore, the basic physical, chemical and sensory requirements for honey are described here, according to Czech Decree No. 76/2003 Coll. The practical part contains its own physicochemical analysis according to Harmonized methods of European Honey of the honey samples. Seventeen samples were evaluated. They were evaluated for water content, acidity, and a test was also carried out for evidence of damage to the honey by starch sugar or malt extracts. The results of the compared honey samples show that eight samples were violated by starch sugar or malt extracts, while the criterion for water content was fine and all honey samples complied with the Czech Decree No. 76/2003 Coll.
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Qualitative pollen analysis of honey from bees kept in Czech Republic
VALEŠKOVÁ, Denisa
Pollen analysis is the determination of a pollen grains in a honey sediment. The main goal of the thesis was to qualitatively assess a honey from the bees breed in different parts of the Czech republic and to evaluate, if there are any differences in bee grazing between a bees breed in the city and a bees breed in the countryside. Investigate, if a pollen is associated with the colony diseases and higher susceptibility to the pesticides from the field crop. It was found that the dominant plant taxon were canola and fruit trees. In the urban centers was high concentration of the pollen grains from a woody plants, which bees probably visit in local parks. Rural areas were miscellaneous species with high concentration of the herbaceous plants that are part of the meadows.
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Inhibition of the etiological agent of American foulbrood disease using selected essential oils
ZÁLABSKÁ, Adéla
Americal foulbrood disease, caused by etiological agent Paenibacillus larvae is serious disease which affects honey bee that is prohibited to treat with antibiotic in the Czech Republic. If the disease occurs in hive, it is a legal requirement to burn the hive. Essential oils have antimicrobial aktivity and their use can help fighting this dangerous disease. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to verify the bactericidal effect of selected essential oils on the causative agent of the americal foulbrood disease P. Larvae. Another stated aim was to determine the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the selected essential oils. A total of 11 essential oils were used and evaluated both alone and in combination with other essential oils. The evaluation was carried oud on microtiter plates using spectophotometer and on agar medium in petri dishes. The most effective essential oil was garlic oil (Allium sativum bulb oil), which had minimum and bactericidal concentration values of 32 ?l/mg. Other very effective plant essential oils include cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark oil). The least effective essential oils are carrot oil (Daucus carota sativa seed oil), thyme oils (Thymus serpyllum oil, Thymus vulgaris flower/leaf oil) or oregano oil (Origanum vulgare).
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Zimování včelstva
Babica, Ondřej
In the breeding of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), the good health of the bee colony is an important prerequisite for successful overwintering. The condition of the colonies is affected by environmental influences, the influence of genetics or the health status of the bees. Well-developed pharyngeal glands allow bee feeders to provide developing larvae with quality royal jelly. The longevity of the winter generation of bees is influenced by a many of physiological factors, which distinguish them from summer short-lived bees. The main factors of longevity appear to be the level of proteins in the hemolymph, especially vitellogenin, the level of juvenile hormone or the pheromone ethyl oleate. The natural immune system or the effects of oxidative stress also play an important role in the overwintering of colonies. Recently, overwintering is threatened by viral infections transmitted by varroa mite.
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