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Visual attention to faces in intersexual and intrasexual selection
Pátková, Žaneta ; Třebická Fialová, Jitka (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Stirratt, Michael (referee)
This thesis focuses on visual attention towards faces in intersexual and intrasexual selection. It consists of two main parts. The first part begins with a brief overview of the intersexual and intrasexual selection mechanisms. Within the framework of intersexual selection, facial attractiveness is discussed, with its putative link to health and immune system function. Within the framework of intrasexual selection, the thesis focuses on perceived facial dominance and formidability and their connection to actual characteristics. Moreover, specific facial traits and morphological features connected with judgements of attractiveness, dominance, and formidability are described. Given the scarce evidence of direct visual attention towards facial features connected with judgements of facial attractiveness and dominance or formidability, we discuss the eye-tracking method, which can measure direct visual attention. A brief summary of eye-tracking studies focusing on visual attention to faces, especially during attractiveness and dominance assessments, is provided. Finally, the thesis focuses on how individual sensory modalities (visual, olfactory and vocal) relate to each other in the perception of individuals and the detection of cues to an individual's quality. The second part of this thesis includes...
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Preferences for markers of health status in humans
Jíchová, Františka ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Fiala, Vojtěch (referee)
Several evolutionary hypotheses suggest that different organisms have evolved systematic preferences for markers of mate health. These markers may provide clues to an individual's immunocompetence, current health status, and health history. Correct recognition of good health helps to select a quality partner who can offer advantages such as good genetic qualities that can be passed on to offspring, can participate more effectively in the care of offspring, and thus does not put the individual at risk of infection. Awareness of these markers may be important not only in mate choice but also in other social interactions in which it is important mainly to correctly estimate current health and possibly avoid interaction with an infectious individual. Preference for markers of health in humans may be based, for example, on visual cues in the face, such as color, sexual dimorphism, skin texture, or an assessment of overall stature. Markers may also be olfactory, where an unattractive odor may indicate the presence of a potential disease. Last but not least, there are acoustic markers. However, the interaction of the manifestations of each modality may also be important. The aim of my bachelor thesis is to provide a theoretical overview of the association of current health, immunocompetence and health...
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Contemporary society's view of common sense marriages
Havlíková, Václava ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
The thesis "Contemporary society's view of common sense marriages" deals with the problem of two people entering into a marriage. The aim will be to describe the reasons for which people enter into marriages and how their introduction takes place. Another important goal of the thesis is to find out how people view the importance of rational reasons for entering into marriage, how they argue for their importance, and how they "reconcile" rational reasons with emotional and relational reasons. The author has divided the topic into several headings. The first theme will describe relationships and intimacy in society. It is mainly about describing the history of marriages, under what circumstances they were contracted and what their development was also within the evolution of the institution of the family. The second theme of the thesis will be "partner dating" and the theory of mate selection. In this topic the author will also focus on the development of dating advertisements, since dating goes hand in hand with serious relationships and marriages. As a main theme, the discussion will be on contemporary society and its perception of "marriage of convenience".
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Condition dependence of secondary ornamentation and mate choice in Grey Partridges
Gabrielová, Barbora ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
This study focuses on relationships between individual condition, measures of ornament expression and mate choice in the Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix). It is based on the correlative data as well as results of manipulative experiments. I found positive correlation between the size of melanin- and carotenoid-based ornaments in partridges. The size and the redness of the carotenoid skin patch, and the size of the melanin-based feather ornamentation were associated with several measures of immunity and overall body condition (complement activity, ratio of immature erythrocytes, heterophil/leucocyte ratio, response to novel antigen). Furthermore, data from natural populations indicate that the expression of carotenoid-based ornamentation is associated with sexual attractiveness (measured as the ability to obtain a social mate) in partridges. Data from captive individuals indicate that carotenoid supplementation improves the redness of carotenoid-based ornament, while the stimulation of the immune system under increasing concentrations of supplemented carotenoids has no measurable effect on condition and physiological state. This seems to contradict predictions of the 'Carotenoid maintenance hypothesis'. Overall, results better understanding the role of carotenoid and melanin-based ornamentation in signaling...
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Consistency and paternal influence on human mate choice in heterosexual women
Taskovská, Kristýna ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bártová, Klára (referee)
People choose partners based on different characteristics, however it is not clear whether they systematically choose partners with specific characteristics. It is also not clear what modulates partner preferences. One of the factors are parents, however the question is, whether parents influence all types of relationships (e.g. one-night stand, marriage etc.). The main objective was to analyze the consistency of mate choice in physical characteristics in heterosexual women. Another objective was to test paternal influence on the mate choice, and whether this influence differs among partners with whom women have children and partners with whom they don't. Last objective was to test whether the similarity between father and current partner influences the relationship and sexual satisfaction of the respondent. In total 693 heterosexual women, aged 18-45, participated in the research (average age = 30,7; SE = 5,9) and provided physical characteristics (weight, height, attractiveness, masculinity, eye color, hair color, facial masculinity, facial hair, musculature, BMI, relative height, body hair and leg length) of their father, current partner (with whom they had/were expecting children) and long term ex-partners (with whom they had no children), they completed the standardized questionnaire s-EMBU...
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New Technologies and Strategies in partner selection: Speed-dating and dating sites
Stěhulová, Pavla ; Hamplová, Dana (advisor) ; Lupač, Petr (referee)
The paper deals with the issue of getting acquainted and looking for a partnership with the aid of new technologies. The main goal is to show the impact of new media on the mate selection and, above all, to describe the course of a particular way of getting acquainted which is new to the Czech society, that is speed dating. The so-called mediated dating services - online dating portals and speed dating - are assessed in a comparative way. The empirical part is based on the analysis of dating websites and dating agencies. KEYWORDS: speed dating, online dating portals, mediated dating, mate selection, marriage market
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