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Detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies in transfused patients
Klazarová, Alena ; Červená, Gabriela (advisor) ; Honegrová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Alena Klazarová Supervisor: RNDr. Gabriela Červená, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Eliška Rýznarová Title of thesis: Detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies in transfused patients Background: The aim of the work is a statistical evaluation of the detection of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in patients and pregnant women at the Transfusion Department in Cheb and the Transfusion Department in Karlovy Vary in the years 2021 to 2022. I focus on the frequency, type and clinical significance of antibodies, followed by the occurrence of immunization of respondents after administration transfusion and I evaluate the significance of the enzyme test. Methods: The work describes the methodologies used at the TO in Cheb during the screening examination of irregular antibodies against erythrocytes, which detect their presence in the examined plasma. Main findings: Tasks from the Rh system and a higher frequency of occurrence of the anti- Wra region were the most represented in the monitored group. The most antibodies were detected in the 60-79 age group, slightly dominated by women. A combination of specific anti- erythrocyte antibodies was detected in some respondents (22.6%). Immunization...
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Detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies in transfused patients
Klazarová, Alena ; Červená, Gabriela (advisor) ; Honegrová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Alena Klazarová Supervisor: RNDr. Gabriela Červená, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Eliška Rýznarová Title of thesis: Detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies in transfused patients Background: The aim of the work is a statistical evaluation of the detection of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in patients and pregnant women at the Transfusion Department in Cheb and the Transfusion Department in Karlovy Vary in the years 2021 to 2022. I focus on the frequency, type and clinical significance of antibodies, followed by the occurrence of immunization of respondents after administration transfusion and I evaluate the significance of the enzyme test. Methods: The work describes the methodologies used at the TO in Cheb during the screening examination of irregular antibodies against erythrocytes, which detect their presence in the examined plasma. Main findings: Tasks from the Rh system and a higher frequency of occurrence of the anti- Wra region were the most represented in the monitored group. The most antibodies were detected in the 60-79 age group, slightly dominated by women. A combination of specific anti- erythrocyte antibodies was detected in some respondents (22.6%). Immunization...
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Non-specific positive reaction in pre-transfusion examination
HANZLÍKOVÁ, Martina
Pre-transfusion examination is a set of immunohematological examinations before administration of a transfusion preparation to a patient. The purpose of this examination is to ensure safe and effective transfusion to the recipient. The pre- administration examination of the blood product must include an examination of the recipient's blood type, screening of the recipient's anti-erythrocyte antibodies, and a transfusion product compatibility test. The test is performed by the agglutination method and in some cases the enzyme is used in the screening.
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Problems of Administration of Blood Transfusions
Hájková, Lenka ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Brixiová, Simona (referee)
v AJ Topics of my study, its evaluation and final report for my bachelor's degree cover special topics and problems of blood transfusion administration. The literaty outfit of this study is dividend into a theoretical and a practical part. Theoretical chapters deal directly with basic problems of the subject and with principles of administration of blood transfusions in hospitalized patients. Description of anatomy and physiology of blood and its components, medical terminology of blood transfusions, their history, composition of blood products, guidelines for transfusion administration, adverse effects and complications form the introduction of the entire issue. Following practical part and chapters cover the background, aim and hypotheses considering the research - its methods and results. Data from MCQ - multiple choice questionnaires are presented in tables and graphs and discussed. Several interviews and experts' opinions and commentaries are added. Main data on administration of transfusions cover knowledge, practical realization of guidelines and standards in transfusion medicine in healt care providers, especially nurses, their clinical sense for patients' status and signs, cooperation with physicians, their immediate steps when confronted with transfusion adverse events and complications,...
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Production and use of blood products in the Regional Trutnov Hospital.
Rosová, Valérie ; Červená, Gabriela (advisor) ; Honegrová, Barbora (referee)
Title of Diploma Thesis: Production and use of transfusion products in the District Hospital Trutnov. Aim of the work: The aim was to evaluate the production of transfusion products (TP) in the period 2014-2019 at the Transfusion and Hematology Department (THO) in the District Hospital Trutnov and their use for hemotherapy by individual medical disciplines. Futhermore, to compare the production of TP within the Czech Republic together with selected European countries. The incidence of post-transfusion reactions and other adverse events during the reporting period is also included. Material and methods: The methodological part describes the standard procedures of pre- transfusion examination using the column agglutination method from the company Grifols, S.A., laboratory examination of donors and transfusion products manufactured at the Transfusion Department Trutnov. Conclusion: Despite all the recommendations and efforts to reduce the use of transfusion products, this condition has not been proven both in our department, within the Czech Republic and in Europe. This work recommends deleucotization of transfusion products for the national and European part, unification of procedures for transfusion in a given disease, mandatory introduction of NAT testing to minimize the risk of transmission...
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Whole Blood - New Blood Component Containing Platelets
Nováková, Kateřina ; Červená, Gabriela (advisor) ; Honegrová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Kateřina Nováková Supervisor: RNDr. Gabriela Červená, Ph.D. plk. MUDr. Miloš Bohoněk, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Whole blood - New Blood Component Containing Platelets Background: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate in vitro quality parameters and haemostatic function of leucodepleted WB and their comparison with non-leucodepleted WB. The same way the quality parameters (RBC, PLT, HB and hemolysis) of erythrocyte blood component were measured and compared in day D14, D21, D35 and D42. Methods: WB collected from 30 healthy group A donors was divided into two groups - leucodepleted (LWB), using in-line platelet-sparing filters and collected to a blood bag system IMUFLEX® WB-SP (Terumo BCT, USA) and non-leucodepleted WB (NLWB), colletected to a blood bag system CompoFlex® Single System (Fresenius Kabi, Germany). Both groups were stored at 42řC for 14 days and following parameters were measured in days D0, D1, D3, D5, D10 and D14: WBC, RBC, PLT, HB, hemolysis, pH, TEG, FVIII, TT, PT, aPTT, aggregometry, concentration of PF4 and sCD40L (ELISA). Moreover, in days D0, D7 and D14 was measured the level of expression of platelet activation marker CD62P (P-selectin), CD42b, CD61 by...
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Blood collecting yesterday and today
STOLARIKOVÁ, Pavlína
Blood collection is nowadays a common procedure, especially nurse's. The nurses encounter blood donations almost every day of their service. This procedure is especially important for physicians, who, based on laboratory results, can diagnose pathological conditions and subsequently indicate appropriate treatment. This bachelor thesis called Blood collection in the past and today is processed as a theoretical work. According to the title of the thesis, it is clear that it is focused on blood collection and other problems related to it. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the development and related changes in blood collection performance using available sources. Specifically, the aim is to analyze how the procedure itself and the tools used for blood collection have changed. The thesis is processed by an analysis of available primary and secondary sources of historical and current data. Blood collection is of course related to blood, whose physiology is described in the work. The procedure of blood collection is related to laboratory examination, which is also mentioned in this thesis. The aim is to analyze the sources describing the development of blood collection and tools used for it. The paper also mentions the topic of transfusion medicine and nursing education, which is closely related to the performance of blood collection within the competence of nurses, whose form has changed over the years. The thesis has been elaborated using available Czech and foreign literary sources, databases and articles from professional periodicals. A comprehensive theoretical basis has been developed, which can be used in practice especially as a study and information material for professional and general society. Based on an analysis of sources, it has been found that blood collection has changed both during the development of nursing and medicine itself, and due to many industrial, technical and political influences.
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Fluid resuscitation and haemotherapy in the intensive care from the perspective of nurse
NĚMCOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis focuses on the fluid replacement therapies and the use of blood products in intensive care which is part of the daily routine for the mutidisciplinary team on intensive care including the intensive care nursing staff. These therapies span wide array of functions, including but not limited to fluid status management, electrolyte replacement and optimisation, therapeutic purposes and the delivery of nutritional requirements. The administration of blood products is vital in modern day medicine, partyicularly in the intensive care setting, and although there has been significant improvements in the standard of safety it is not completely without risk. The role of the intensive care nurse is vital not only in the preparation and administraton of blood products but also to watch for potential complications and side effects that may arise. They are also responsible for meticulous care of venous access ports as these are frequently used in the intensive care setting and must be well looked after to ensure patency and to prevent infection. This thesis is divided into parts in an attempt to cover the main issues surrounding fluid managemnet and the administration of blood products. The first part aims to summarise the relevant physiology underlying fluid balance, transfusion medicine and homeostasis. Next, based on reviewing the current literature, we aim to describe the current terminology approaches to fluid management and summarise the most commonly used products. The following sections are written with a focus on nursing care the tasks involved and their responsibilities and an overview of the possible complications that may arise with fluid replacement strategies. The important aspects of transfusion medicine are described by first defining the available blood products commonly used on intensive care followed by the basic principles underpinning the indications for their usage. We go on further to highlight the possible complications of these respective therapies and what nursing staff should be vigilant for when involved in the care of patients receiving blood products. We also address the role of the nurse in the care of the patient in hypovolemic shock. This encompasses the principles and therapies previously described in an acute setting. We describe the principles of management of such patients together with the clinical implications and practical considerations that need to be taken into account. We also focus on the particular responsibilities of the nurse in the care of such patients on intensive care. At the end of this thesis we summarised the safe concept of intravenous therapy. The second aim of this paper was based on the literature search to summarise and compare modern trends in fluid management.
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