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Substituted polyaromatic compounds in environmental components
Kubalík, David ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is focused on substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental compartments. The thesis examined the development of these compounds and their entry into the ecosystem. Due to their proven negative characteristics to be addressed also their toxicology. The next section discusses the appropriate methods, including sampling, sample preparation and final determination. The conclusion of this work forms draft standard operating procedure for their determination.
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Toxic substances in food and public health
SOSNA, Filip
This diploma thesis dealt with the area of toxic substances in food and their impact on public health. The work aims to describe the types and occurrence of toxic substances, analyze the current state of toxic substances found in food and define their impact on public health. It also aimed to describe the effects of toxic substances on the human body. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part first introduces the historical origins of the scientific field of toxicology. It also defines basic toxicological terms and parameters. Describes factors affecting the toxicity of substances, absorption, distribution, the effect of metabolism and excretion of toxic substances. Objective 1 was met by describing the basic types of natural and foreign toxic substances. Furthermore, their occurrence was described and their impact on public health was defined. The effects of toxic substances on the human body have been described in relation to Objective 2. The effects of toxic substances can manifest themselves in many ways. It can be mild nausea or even death. The second half of the theoretical part deals with toxic substances in the food industry. It describes a massive increase in the use of chemicals in food and agriculture, whether they are various pesticides, crop treatments, or various additives that are added to foods to improve some of their properties. Some of these substances can have an adverse effect on health, and when we consume them in food in quantities that are permitted by legislation, no one has a clear idea of what the consumption of additives and pesticide residues in food can cause us in the long term. The practical part examines the awareness of the general population about toxic substances in food and their impact on public health. The practical part was created using quantitative research, which was conducted through a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was created on the basis of the theoretical part of the work. The research group consisted of 114 respondents from the general population. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions that examined the addressees' awareness of toxic substances in food and public health. The results of the research survey corresponded the given knowledge to two research questions, which asked the work whether the public is oriented in the field and whether they differ according to their education. The results were graphically processed and evaluated. It was found that the public is not very familiar with toxic substances in food and public health. The work can serve as a comprehensive educational material on toxic substances in food and public health. The theoretical benefits of this work include an analysis of the current state of toxic substances in food, including a description of control authorities and relevant legislation in the field of toxic substances in food and public health. Among the practical benefits is the creation of a questionnaire that examined public awareness of this issue. Based on the achieved results, follow-up work can be proposed - for example, exploring the possibility of raising public awareness of toxic substances in food.
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Vliv běžných pesticidů na lidské buňky
SLIVONĚ, Miroslav
The effect of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy (HTBA) on human cell cultures of HepG2 and MG63 was investigated by method of acute in vitro toxicity tests at concentrations of 0; 0.58; 0.8; and 8 mg/l. The experiment has two parts. In the first part overall biological activity (mortality, specific growth rate, dilation - cytoskeletal activity) was examined using a Nikon Biostation IM-Q microscopic device. The evaluation of the acquired images took place visually and the significant effect of HTBA was not confirmed. In the second part of the experiment, performed on a high-resolution NanoTruth light microscope, data corresponding to a concentration of 8 mg/l HTBA and data from a control experiment without added HTBA tested on HepG2 cell culture were evaluated. The evaluation of the obtained image data was performed mathematically, using the optical flow method. From the resulting values of optical flow, lower intracellular dynamics was found in the exposed sample than in the sample without the presence of HTBA. This suggests a possible negative effect of HTBA on the tested cell culture.
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Ekotoxicita látek využívaných v rybářském sektoru =: Ecotoxicity of substances used in fisheries /
Poštulková, Eva
The aim of this dissertation thesis was to ascertain the effects of a substances which are used or can be used in fisheries. The first group of tested substances were algaecides, the most common tool used for algae and cyanobacteria elimination. The second group consists of organic pigments, which can be used for fish mass-marking from early stages. The selection of the test organism for the toxicity tests was performed to represent the individual trophic levels of aquatic ecosystems: primary producers, zooplankton and fish. For acute toxicity tests and inhibition tests were used these algaecides: Guanicide, Pelargonic Acid, Polyaluminiumchloride (PAX 18), Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG), and Terbutryn. For the organic dyes testing was selected fluorescent dye Alizarin Red S and Alizarin Complexone. Algaecides were used in inhibition tests for green algae (Desmodesmus communis, Parachlorella kessleri) and cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp.), in immobilization test for zooplankton (Daphnia magna) and acute tests for fish (Danio rerio). The organic dyes were tested on fish for determination of effective and safe concentration.
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Toxic substances in food and their effects to human health
KADLECOVÁ, Hana
The bachelor thesis "Toxic substances and their effects to human health" deals with characteristics of selected historical periods of toxicology. It describes the basic concepts of toxicology. It briefly characterizes toxic substances of plant and animal origin. More attention is paid to mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins and zearaleon. A very important part of this thesis is the prevention of the effects of toxic substances on human health and describes the partial measures that are necessary before consumption or preparing of food. The practical part examines the awareness of university students about important toxic substances in food. It assesses whether these students recognize the desired mold species on food. Next it is interested in what precautionary measures are taken by university students before consuming and preparing food. The conclusion of the thesis shows that the know-how of university students is relatively high.
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Intoxication of poisonous gases in prehospital emergency care
ŘÍHA, Ondřej
Toxicology is a scientific discipline dealing with the influences of dangerous substances on living organisms. The negative effects of some substances have been known since the prehistoric times and the human race has had to face them until today. The impact of these substances on human organisms may be caused either deliberately (e. g. misuse of chemical substances during war conflicts) or unintentionally (e. g. intoxication by poisonous gases released from fire). The current knowledge of the field of toxicology enable to characterise the dangerous substances, to define their effective, toxic and lethal doses and concentrations and to give first aid to the people affected. The knowledge of the first aid procedure in case of intoxication of poisonous gases is crucial for the rescue of human life and moderation of the toxic effects. In connection to the universal first aid procedure, i. e. the patient's rescue out of the contaminated area and calling of the rescue service, the person affected has to receive an adequate immediate pre-hospital care. Based on these findings, procedures used in cases of intoxication in pre-hospital emergency care and emergency medicine are listed. The aim of the theoretical part of this diploma thesis is a comprehensive overview of current theoretical and professional knowledge in the field of chemistry, toxicology and emergency medicine. This knowledge is subsequently applied to the overall management of pre-hospital emergency care for patients intoxicated with toxic gases. The research part includes a retrospective statistical analysis of the number of cases of carbon monoxide intoxication in Vysocina Region, application of theoretical knowledge in the form of analyses of cases of intoxication and creation of a preventive programme with the help of a questionnaire survey which asked the public about their awareness of the risks and dangers of carbon monoxide. In addition, educational material was created. The thesis also tried to answer the research question "How serious is poisonous gas intoxication in pre-hospital emergency care and emergency medicine?" From the point of view of pre-hospital emergency care, the average daily death rate caused by poisonous gas intoxications in the Vysocina Region is four patients per year. When this number is compared with the total number of patients' deaths, it shows a less serious problem. The most common source of carbon monoxide poisoning turned out to be a gas appliance. The rescuers recorded the highest number of carbon monoxide detector activations in 2015. Informing the public in the form of a questionnaire survey has clearly shown that there is persisting confusion of carbon monoxide properties with carbon dioxide ones. This diploma thesis is aimed at specialists providing pre-hospital emergency care i. e. health rescue services and also fire rescue services for the purpose of statistical comparisons with other providers and subjects, or for educational purposes in the context of crisis preparedness. In addition, the work is recommended to the general public to ensure greater awareness of poisonous gas intoxications. This thesis brought a comprehensive overview of this issue which can be used for the purpose of informing, educating and creating the basis for further comparison.
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Substituted polyaromatic compounds in environmental components
Kubalík, David ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is focused on substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental compartments. The thesis examined the development of these compounds and their entry into the ecosystem. Due to their proven negative characteristics to be addressed also their toxicology. The next section discusses the appropriate methods, including sampling, sample preparation and final determination. The conclusion of this work forms draft standard operating procedure for their determination.
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