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Current issues related to government debt financing
Kuneš, Jakub ; Tuláček, Michal (advisor) ; Vybíral, Roman (referee)
The topic of the thesis are issues related to the government debt financing. Nowadays, the issue of the state debt is becoming more and more topical, especially as a result of the hundreds of billions of Czech budget deficits. Moreover, it is an area that affects directly or indirectly every person in the Czechia. It is therefore desirable to address the subject thoroughly, because it is an issue that has a multi-generational dimension and the consequences of today's budget negotiations may cause very unpleasant consequences for future generations. Although the level of Czech debt is relatively low compared with the countries of the European Union, in the fourth quarter of 2022, the Czech Republic became, by a wide margin, the fastest-debting country in the European Union. The thesis is divided into three parts.The first part introduces the reader to the issues and describes the key mechanisms of the functioning of the state budget.It describes what the national debt is, what its causes are and why the national debt has been growing steadily by orders of magnitude higher in recent years than it has been in the past decade. Mandatory and quasi-mandatory expenditures are identified as a major problem for public finances in the Czechia and is given special attention, including a model example that highlights...
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State employees and civil servants: where they work and how much they are paid
Bartušek, D. ; Bouchal, Petr ; Janský, Petr
Almost one fifth of the Czech Republic's workforce (calculated in full time equivalents) is employed in the public sector. In 2020, almost half (464,000) of these almost one million employees were paid out of the state budget and can be considered state employees. More than half (265,000) of the country's state employees are employed in state-funded institutions, in particular schools. The remaining, smaller share of state employees (198,000) work in a wide variety of other public organizations, including the armed forces, the police force, government ministries and job centres. Only a small proportion of state employees can be considered to be civil servants. In 2020 there were about 78,000 of these, which is approximately 8% of all public sector workers and 17% of state employees. This number is rather low in both absolute and relative terms, and stands in contrast to the substantial attention frequently paid in public debate to how many civil servants the country has.
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