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Regulation of immunometabolism in white adipose tissue
Gazdová, Tatiana ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Beňová, Andrea (referee)
High-fat diet promotes the development of diet-induced obesity, which leads to further complications such as insulin resistance and type II diabetes. The underlying cause for development of obesity associated pathologies is disruption of adipose tissue homeostasis. Excessive lipid accumulation and rapid white adipose tissue expansion stimulate infiltration, proliferation, and activation of immune cells involved in inflammation propagation. Immune cells within white adipose tissue have the ability to modulate adipocyte function as well as whole-body metabolism. These interactions and function modulations are the core topics of immunometabolism, a rapidly developing field of research focused on interpreting how immune system modulates metabolism on cellular as well as systemic level. In obesity, pro-inflammatory immune cells, for example M1 macrophages and neutrophils, outnumber homeostasis-promoting anti-inflammatory immune cells in white adipose tissue and alter the tissue environment. As a result, pro-inflammatory cytokines prevent adipocytes from adequately responding to extracellular stimuli. The resulting interactions between immune cells and adipocytes maintain inflammation and promote ectopic lipid accumulation. Experimental studies suggest that white adipose tissue inflammation can be...
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The influence of a combination of exercise and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on a memory in elderly
Kořínek, Mikeš ; Daďová, Klára (advisor) ; Vařeková, Jitka (referee)
Title: The influence of a combination of exercise and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on a memory in elderly Objectives: The main aim for this thesis is to detect through already collected data from a screening test POBAV on the occasion of the EXODYA study, if supplementing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in combination with exercise has any effect to elder women cognitive functions - mainly memory. Methods: A group of 71 senior women aged 56 to 80 years (mean 70.75 ± 4.41) with a BMI of 19.8-38.1 (27.2 ± 4.01) was divided into 3 groups. The first group (N = 27) underwent a 4-month exercise program and supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids in Calanus tablets. The second group (N = 24), in addition to exercise, received placebo in the form of sunflower oil tablets. Third, the control group (N = 21), did not exercise or supplement. All groups were measured for memory status before and after the research using the POBAV screening test. Results: The measured data in both exercise groups showed significant statistical differences. The omega-3 fatty acid supplementation group in showed the best results in measuring memory. 70% of the senior women of this group, managed to increase the value of POBAV after the training period. The placebo group increased in 50% of senior women and in the control...
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