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Cognitive Deterioration in Otherwise Clinically Stable Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Motýl, Jiří ; Uher, Tomáš (advisor) ; Světlák, Miroslav (referee) ; Hradílek, Pavel (referee)
Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly considered as an important paraclinical marker of disease stability or progression in MS. Recent recommendations pro-posed an annual screening of cognitive functions in all MS patients as a standard of neuropsychological monitoring in MS. There is a clear trend to diagnose possible disease progression as early as possible, to be able to respond quickly. The theoretical part of this thesis presents the current state of knowledge on cognitive impairment in MS, its correlates, predictors, and treatment possibilities. In addition, a comprehensive overview of the neuropsychological assessment and the diagnosis of cognitive deterioration in MS is presented. The highly relevant topics such as cutoff criteria of a meaningful change on individual neuropsychological examination, possibilities of treatment of cognitive deterioration, or the so-called isolated cognitive relapses, are discussed in a particular detail. The empirical part extends current knowledge in the field of MS. I present and discuss six original publications that follow these four main objectives: first, to describe the prevalence of isolated cognitive decline in MS and to put isolated cognitive decline in context with current knowledge on MS...
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Cognitive screening tests and their potential to detect cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases
Fendrych Mazancová, Adéla ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hladká, Adéla (referee) ; Hajdúk, Michal (referee)
Screening of global cognitive performance is of great importance in the detection of early cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast to complex neuropsychological assessment, cognitive screening tests offer some advantages as saving time or finance and administration of screening tests makes lower demands on clinicians. Validation of cognitive screening tests for specific diagnostic groups of patients is necessary as well as Czech normative studies that enable an objective evaluation of the cognitive performance of Czech patients. In the theoretical part, we presented the syndrome of mild cognitive impairment as a pre-dementia state in neurodegenerative diseases. We focused on the assessment of mild cognitive impairment and using five different cognitive screening tests (Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Dementia Rating Scale 2. edition, Frontal Assessment Battery, Clock Drawing Test) in the detection of cognitive impairment. Then we focused on Parkinson's disease (PD), especially on the evolution of different stages of cognitive deficit in PD and their detection by cognitive assessments. The empirical research included studies analyzing the potential of the five cognitive screening tests to detect mild cognitive impairment. We provided results...
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Neuropsychological aspects of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases
Nikolai, Tomáš ; Roth, Jan (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
Neuropsychological aspects of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases are an extensively studied topic in neuropsychological research. Neuropsychological assessment can be helpful for the estimation of conversion risk in individual cases. The focus of neuropsychological research shifted from the evaluation of dementia to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or even to the detection of cognitive change before significant cognitive decline. In the theoretical part is presented a contemporary outline of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases. The construct of MCI is the most studied topic in the prodromal stage of neurodegeneration and this part is dedicated to comprehensive analysis of MCI. The empirical research includes five studies on screening methods of cognitive abilities, memory and verbal fluency tests. We present normative and validity data in older adults and show their detection potential in MCI or preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we tried to show the detection potential of different memory measures in patients with MCI and estimate the relations between hippocampal atrophy and memory performance. Key words mild cognitive impairment, dementia syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease, neuropsychological assessment, diagnostic procedures
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Neuropsychological aspects of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases
Nikolai, Tomáš ; Roth, Jan (advisor) ; Holmerová, Iva (referee) ; Jirák, Roman (referee)
Neuropsychological aspects of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases are an extensively studied topic in neuropsychological research. Neuropsychological assessment can be helpful for the estimation of conversion risk in individual cases. The focus of neuropsychological research shifted from the evaluation of dementia to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or even to the detection of cognitive change before significant cognitive decline. In the theoretical part is presented a contemporary outline of preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases. The construct of MCI is the most studied topic in the prodromal stage of neurodegeneration and this part is dedicated to comprehensive analysis of MCI. The empirical research includes five studies on screening methods of cognitive abilities, memory and verbal fluency tests. We present normative and validity data in older adults and show their detection potential in MCI or preclinical stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we tried to show the detection potential of different memory measures in patients with MCI and estimate the relations between hippocampal atrophy and memory performance. Key words mild cognitive impairment, dementia syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease, neuropsychological assessment, diagnostic procedures
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Executive function disorder in persons after traumatic craniocerebral injury
Sahula, Petr ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Krámská, Lenka (referee)
This thesis is working with theoretical aspects of psychological construct called executive functions, integrative models and various cases from clinical practice. Second part is elaborating neuroanatomy of frontal lobes with main interest on functional systems of the prefrontal cortex. Third aspect of this thesis is introduction to the clinical perspectives of traumatic brain injury. The last section works with neurpsychological assessment including subchapter containing informations about most popular neuropsychological methods of executive function diagnostics.The practical part includes design of research from the field of diffuse axonal injury diagnostics. It suggests possible method of detecting this "silent" brain injury. Keywords: executive functions, prefrontal cortex, traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological assessment
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