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Unstable atherosclerotic carotid plaque diagnosis and influence on cerebral hemodynamics
Kešnerová, Petra ; Školoudík, David (advisor) ; Škoda, Ondřej (referee) ; Aulický, Petr (referee)
Unstable atherosclerotic carotid plaque diagnosis and influence on cerebral hemodynamics ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis of carotid arteries belongs to most important risk factors of stroke especially if unstable plaques are detected. However, the formation of the plaques and their transformation to unstable stage are not fully clarified. The aim of this work was to map the actual diagnostic possibilities, innovations in this field and to explore the impacts on cerebrovascular hemodynamics. In partial studies we succeeded to identify the ultrasound characteristics of the atherosclerotic carotid plaque which increases the risk of its progression. Those are the width of plaque, surface irregularities and ulcerations. The differences in elasticity between stable and unstable plaque were found using the novel method of shear-wave elastography with significantly higher average elasticity in plaques asymptomatic stable then in plaques asymptomatic progressive or plaques symptomatic. To extend research opportunities to in vitro studies the hemodynamic model of carotid bifurcation was constructed with the insertion of the plaque extracted during carotid endarterectomy and its function for the studies of hemodynamic changes in carotid stenoses was confirmed. The increase in resistance and pulsatility of cerebral arteries...
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Pathobiochemistry of diabetes mellitus and its complications - oxidative stress, microinflammation and genetic predisposition.
Škrha, Jan ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Rybka, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee)
Diabetes is a chronic disease with high prevalence and significant morbidity. Chronic changes in the wall of small and large vessels lead to main diabetes complications. Apart from long- term hyperglycemia, several factors are involved in the development of diabetes vasculopathy. The aim of this work was to describe new early biomarkers of these vascular changes, to identify risky patients. Alongside, gene polymorphisms involved in protective pathways of glucose metabolism were studied. In three human studies with Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetes patients special biochemical parameters of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and its ligands, deglycation enzyme glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and fructosamine 3-kinase (FN3K) gene polymorphisms were analyzed. Non-invasive measurement of glycation by skin autofluorescence (SAF) was assessed in all subjects. Soluble RAGE, HMGB1 and endothelial dysfunction markers were increased in patients with diabetes as compared with controls, however the differences between T1D and T2D were not significant. For the first time, an association between FN3K (rs1056534) and (rs3848403) polymorphism and sRAGE concentration in diabetes was shown. GLO1 (rs4746) polymorphism was associated with changes in endothelial dysfunction. Patients with diabetes had higher...
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