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Vliv jednotlivých komponent směsných krmných dávek u krmných míchacích vozů (bez vybírací frézy) na přesnost nakládek
JENŠÍ, Lukáš
The diploma thesis entitled The effect of individual components of mixed feed rations in the mixer feeder wagon (without a cutter) on the accuracy of loading is divided into two separate parts. In the first (theoretical) part, the issue of livestock together with preparation and distribution of feed with the mixing feeder wagons are analyzed. The second (practical) part of my work is focused on specific selection of a mixing feeder truck, diet components characteristic and way of their loading including evaluation of their loading accuracy. The main objective of the thesis is to specify evaluation of loading accuracy of each component in the mixed feed rations of a mixing feeder wagon in the selected agricultural companies that specialize in milk and meat production.
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Cemical composition of hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa}) and possibilities of its utilization as animal feed
NĚMCOVÁ, Michaela
Cannabis sativa L. is an annual cultural plant used from ancient times up to the present in many spheres of the human life. The aim of this bachelor study was to summarize on the basis of literature sources the information about chemical composition of the hemp seed (basic composition, content of amino acids, fiber, vitamins and specific substances, etc.), genetic variability in the substances content, and possibilities of utilization of the hemp seed and also plant residues as feed. Feeding hemp seeds to poultry increases egg production and enriches egg yolk with carotenoids, - 3 and - 6 fatty acids and decreases the cholesterol content. In case of broilers, hemp seeds increases the weight of the breasts, thighs, liver, stomach, intestines and the portion of abdominal fat. Hemp seed cakes have a positive effect on rumen function, support reception of neutral detergent fiber and increases the unsaturated fatty acids content in the meat. Hemp oil relieves stress and improves immunity of the fed animals.
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Silážování jetelotravních směsí
Peichl, Josef
This thesis deals with the description of some basic kinds of legumes and grasses in the Czech Republic.The thesis lists and describes the requirements for growing and the factors that influence it.At the same time the benefits and suitability of particular components of legumes and grasses associations are considered.Growing methods and their efficiency are mutually compared.The thesis proves the importace of forage value,the review of factors influencing the final quality of fodder as well as its suitability from this cover for the ensilage conservation.The ensilage conservation is important storage of good quality fodder throughout the year and thus makes stable fodder amount throughout the year for the meat cattle.Keeping the ensilage conservation is also important for cattle breeding and fattening during spring,autumn and winter seasons.Good quality ensilage depends on appropriate technological procedure.The ensilage additives can be really useful during the ensilage process and play an important role in the final quality of fodder.
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Mykotoxiny v silážích a dopad na zdraví a užitkovost zvířat
Dubová, Kateřina
This thesis is about mycotoxins in silages and their effects on health and produktivity of animals. There are described the most frequent mycotoxins and their influence to internal organs, reproduction, absorption of nutrients and milk and meat production. There is described, how the silage quality is affected by weather condition, pest infestation, processing of forage to silage and other important technological processes. Listed are also other ways to eliminate mycotoxins, such as silage additives and methods of direct mycotoxin decontamination.
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Hodnocení směsných krmných dávek pro dojnice pomocí jejich posouzení na separátoru krmiv
Tomášková, Andrea
The aim was to identify and assess the structure of practical ration on the particle separa-tor in holdings breeding more than 3,300 pieces of dairy. For the experiment was elected Penn State particle separator (PSPS), developed in 2002, and its improved model from 2013. The attempt took place at the Farm Majcichov, a.s. the Slovak republic. The total time of the experiment was 16 weeks. During the experiment, the observed structure of the diet, gluttony and performance of dairy cows, the number of animals in the group and the average days of lactation in the group. The qualitative composition of the milk was evaluated using data provided analyzes of milk from dairies. Data were averaged for each week. In the reporting period, the particle size of the feed stable, there were no variations in the structure and content of fiber, it was not possible to assess their impact on the performance of dairy cows. On the upper sieve (19 mm) caught an average 2,5 +- 0,83 % of particles, on the middle sieve (8 mm) 48,7 +- 7,44 % of particles, on the lower sieve (1,18 mm) 26,3 +- 1,98 % of particles and the bottom pen of the separator was sie-ved 22,5 +- 7,18 % of particles. Daily performance was on average 35 liters milk with 3,77 % of fat and 3,25 % of protein. It was found that the content of milk fat and other components of milk had a great influence heat stress in dairy cows.
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Stravitelnost aminokyselin u kuřat chovaných na maso
Foltyn, Marian
The aim of the work was to determine the effect of substitution of soybean meal (SBM) in the grower diets for broilers with other protein feeds of plant origine. It was study the influence of substitution on growth performance and feed conversion ratio, digestibility of amino acids, activity of digestive enzymes and morphology of small intestine. Protein feeds were chosen raw full fat soybean (RFFSB), extruded full fat soybean (EFFSB), corn DDGS, rapeseed (RS) and rapeseed meal (RSM). Based on our observation it can be concluded, that inclusion of RFFSB up to 8 % level, EFFSB up to 12 % level, DDGS up to 18 % level and RS up to 12 % level did not statistically significantly (P>0.05) negatively affect the yields in fed broilers. Feeding RFFSB and EFFSB influenced (P>0.05) the ileus morphology and activity of digestive enzymes. On the basis of digestibility coefficients, the most appropriate proteinous feed for broilers was SBM, which was comparable to EFFSB.
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Application of Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Oxidative Stress Markers and Mycotoxins
Čumová, Martina ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (referee) ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The first topic presented in the dissertation thesis is determination of isoprostanes as markers of oxidative stress and other compounds affected by presence of oxidative stress. Isoprostanes iPF2-III, iPF2-VI, iPF2-VI, astaxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially arachidonic acid (AA) were monitored in Atlantic salmon eggs (Salmo salar). Methods for the determination of these compounds have been developed and optimized using chromatographic separation coupled to conventional or mass spectrometric detection. Freshly laid eggs, eyed embryos and non-viable eggs were used to test a general hypothesis that egg viability can be affected by susceptibility to oxidative stress, either through the specific fatty acid concentration and/or the antioxidant capacity of the eggs. Levels of isoprostanes and arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly higher in non-viable eggs than in control (eyed embryos) as well as relative abundance of PUFA. While no difference of isoprostanes was found between freshly laid and control those from the Atlantic stock except iPF2-VI which was observed under the LOQ in the control. Higher levels of PUFA and AA in comparison with the control were observed in the freshly laid eggs. However, the only statistically significant difference was observed in the amount of astaxanthin. Different levels of PUFA and astaxanthin may be related to their biochemical consumption during the development of eggs. This work evaluated potential effect on the viability of eggs Salmo salar due to the presence of oxidative stress. The monitoring of mycotoxins in food and feed was the subject of the second topic. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi. They are ubiquitous undesirable natural contaminants that are toxic for humans and animals. Today are known more than 500 mycotoxins. However, only few of them are regulated by the European Union. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European Commission to provide a scientific opinion on other mycotoxins for which statutory limits could be developed. In this study is proposed simultaneous screening allowing fast, reliable and sensitive approach, identification and quantification of 17 mycotoxins in food and feed sample. The method includes both mycotoxins regulated by the EU and selected mycotoxins required by the EFSA (aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, enniatins and beauvericin). Analytes are isolated by the modified QuEChERS method. For separation and target mycotoxins detection, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC –MS/MS) was employed. The method also allows determination of ergot alkaloids (ergocornine, ergosine, ergocryptine, ergocristine and their respective epimers). The developed method was used either for monitoring mycotoxins and ergot alkaloids in feed and raw materials and barley and malt prepared from it.
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Determination of selected perfluoroalkyl compounds in complex matrices
Ondreášová, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Mgr. Petra Kosubová, Ph.D (advisor)
Diploma work focuses on the determination of selected representatives of perfluoroalkyl substances in complex matrices, particularly, in sewage sludge and feed. In case of sewage sludge, samples were extracted into methanol and three extractions techniques were compared: accelerated Soxhlet, pressurized liquid extraction and Powley method. Powley method showed sufficient efficiency, the lowest matrix effect and minimal background. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was present in all tested samples of sewage sludge (0.74–38.02 ng.g-1). Other detected compounds were perfluorodecanoic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid. Three extraction techniques were tested on feed samples (QuEChERS, fast methanol extraction and Powley method into acetonitrile). Powley method provided the cleanest extracts and showed simultaneously the highest recovery of native perfluoroalkyl substances and the lowest matrix effects. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid were rarely present in samples of complete and supplemental feeds, while other perfluoroalkyl substances were found at levels below limit of quantification or they were not detected at all. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.100–2.768 ng.g-1), perfluoroundecanoic acid and perfluorotridecanoic acid were determined in all fish meal samples.
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Development and production of a food optimized for exotic birds
SOVOVÁ, Marie
My bachelor's thesis is focused on the development and production of seed and grain feeding mixture for exotic birds which are kept in captivity as pets. Commercially produced mixtures and newly made ones are compared in this thesis. The analysis was conducted for two groups of exotic birds, for sixty individuals of the Estrildid Finches family, and forty individuals of parrots. The result of it is that four new sorts of feeding mixtures were made with economic savings. All the nutritional parameters remained preserved.
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