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Olfaction-mediated behavioural defence mechanisms in humans
Schwambergová, Dagmar ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Croy, Ilona (referee) ; Polák, Jakub (referee)
This thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces the importance of behavioural defence mechanisms, specifically the behavioural immune system and mainly in humans. I review current knowledge regarding behavioural defence mediated by odour cues. Although behavioural defence mechanisms are important for all individuals who live in social groups, I focus on mate choice, because that is the context in which olfaction-mediated behavioural defence is studied the most. Subsequently, the importance of olfaction is demonstrated using the example of self-inspection and I discuss how the behavioural immune system may be intertwined with this relatively understudied behaviour. Finally, last chapter deals with associations between olfaction and other modalities that play a role in the detection of cues which help select a healthy and immunocompetent partner. In the second part of the thesis, I present nine papers: three reviews and six empirical studies. The review papers summarise the functioning of the behavioural immune system, olfaction- mediated pathogen avoidance in mammals, and the merely weak association between attractiveness ratings based on different modalities. The first empirical paper investigates whether the threat caused by the Covid-19 pandemic led to increased perceived disgust,...
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Provedení detailního fytopatologického průzkumu a návrhy pro zlepšení stavu dřevin v Zoo Brno
Helánová, Sylva
The bachelor's thesis deals with the evaluation of the condition of woody plants, their vitality, health status, stability, operational safety and perspective. Furthermore, by proposing interventions to optimize their condition according to the methodology of the Nature and Landscape Protection Agency of the Czech Republic. A total of 200 trees were evaluated at the site - 11 small-leaved lindens (Tilia cordata Mill.), 11 hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and 178 white oaks (Quercus petrea Liebl.). A field survey was carried out on these trees from March 2021 to March 2022. The results show that the trees on the site are not in good condition, their vitality and health are reduced. The presence of wood-destroying fungi such as Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. Murrill) and Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1776) has also been discovered.
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Life Satisfaction of Czechs over Time – "Research on the Covid and Postcovid Eras"
Hanzlová, Radka
The Centre for Public Opinion Research of the Institute of Sociology of the CAS focused on the topic of life satisfaction in its special research carried out within the project "Research on the Covid and Postcovid Eras". The aim of the research was to find out how satisfied Czech citizens are with their lives at present and to compare the results with their life satisfaction in the past or in the future. The life satisfaction of Czech citizens has not changed over time and can be considered above average overall. Life satisfaction is related to educational attainment, age, subjectively assessed standard of living and health status. Both single-item and multi-item measures of life satisfaction achieve identical results, confirming their reliability and validity.A significant proportion of respondents failed to answer the items related to future life satisfaction, which is easily explained and understandable, as these are essentially hypothetical questions to which there is no clear answer at the moment.
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Porovnání velikosti plochy ustájení na zdravotní stav a masnou užitkovost prasat ve výkrmu
KOHOUT, Martin
The bachelor thesis is focused on the influence of health status and greasy performance in comparison with the maintenance area. First, I address all the effects on pig farming, in the next section we will get acquainted with the selected farm in which the experiment will take place. The experimental hall has better results in recent losses, conversion and average consumption per feeding day. The control hall achieved a better average increase. The conclusion of the work points to the result of an experiment with the proposed measures to improve the effectiveness of fat efficiency and health.
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Vliv stupně množení sadby na zdravotní stav a výnos brambor(Solanum tuberosum Wild.)
KÁRNÍKOVÁ, Martina
The Master's thesis is focused on the seed potato health and yields of particular varieties. The aim of the thesis was to determine seed potato health before planting, before harvest, after harvest and to evaluate achieved yields of particular potato varieties. The experiment started in 2019, in the field of a private farmer Mr. Petr Pošusta. 6 varieties were planted (3 consumer varieties and 3 industrial varieties). The varieties were grown on this farm as early as 2018 as certified propagation material of grade A. In 2019, as it was found, they complied with parameters for certified material of grade B. The crop health (diseases and pests) was being evaluated during the growing process. After the desiccation of the potato crop, samples were taken to determine the number, size and weight of tubers below the cluster and for health tests ELISA. The yields of particular varieties were determined from the farm weight books and compared with achieved values. The results show that seed potato health and yields are influenced by the weather, occurrence of vectors, degree of propagation, agricultural engineering and last but not least the resistance of the variety to viral diseases.
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Are elderly internet users healthier?
Hozová, Karolína ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Švarcová, Natálie (referee)
This thesis examines how internet usage impacts health outcomes of elderly aged 50 and above living in European countries using data from Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 8. Since bi-directional relationship between health and internet usage is expected, a two-stage least square model (2SLS) is used. Self-assessed health condition as the response variable is tested. Internet usage proved to be endogenous with respect to the health among seniors aged 65 and older by employing Wu-Hausman test. Robustness check, in the form of respondent's self-rated limitations in activities because of health, confirms the endogeneity, direction and significance of the relationship. Results show that internet usage positively affects health outcomes of seniors in the retirement age and decreases odds of poor health condition among the pre-retirement population (adults 50 to 64 years old). When accounted for socioeconomic factors in the pre-retirement age, significance of IT literacy diminishes. Other characteristics which affected health outcomes of elderly in our model are age, behavioral risks, life satisfaction, satisfaction with health care system and health literacy. Keywords: elderly, internet usage, health status, SHARE Title: Are elderly internet users healthier? Author's email:...
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Obesity uncovered: the case of the Czech Republic
Veselá, Barbora ; Bryndová, Lucie (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
iv Abstract This thesis uncovers the long-term development of overweight and obesity prevalence in the Czech Republic and finds the associations with relevant lifestyle risk factors and determinants of health. Periodically collected interview and examination survey data from 1993 to 2019 are standardised and used to perform a pooled analysis to inspect trends within the cross-sectional units. The binomial logistic regression is used to estimate changes in the odds of being overweight given a set of socio-economic and lifestyle-related predictors, and to inspect time trends in their magnitude and significance. Adjustment to historical data is calculated to account for methodological changes in BMI classification scheme to ensure comparability of survey outcomes. In addition, the response bias in self-reported anthropometric measurements is confirmed and quantified. Finally, the most recent data (2019) for obesity rates are updated accordingly to reflect this finding. The true prevalence of overweight in the Czech adult population is calculated to 75.8% for men and 58.8% for women, which is higher than interview survey results by 7.7 and 9.6 percentage points respectively. These adjusted results may be utilised by users of survey outcomes to build their analyses on validated data, together with other...
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Dental health as a reflection of population lifestyle
Rybárová, Zuzana ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Zazvonilová, Eliška (referee)
Human dentition is one of the key sources of information about the life of past as well as current populations. Due to the high proportion of inorganic components, the teeth are well preserved. Based on the state of dentition on skeletal remains, it is possible to reconstruct the diet and living conditions of archeological populations and compare them with modern populations. While the dental caries provides information about the type and composition of the diet, the enamel hypoplasia may reflect stress factors acting on an individual during early childhood. However, for the analysis of teeth, it is necessary to understand the causes of tooth diseases. Most of these diseases have multifactorial origin and are influenced by external and internal factors. This bachelor thesis describes the most commom tooth diseases and their connection with the health status and lifestyle of the individual, the impact of diet and other external factors on dentition and changes in these factors during history. Key words: human dentition, dental caries, periodontal diseases, developmental defects of enamel, subsistences, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, socioeconomic status, health status
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Health systems in selected European countries and their impact on population development
Martínková, Kateřina ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Altová, Anna (referee)
Health systems in selected European countries and their impact on population development Abstract The main objective of this thesis is the characterization of the current state of healthcare systems in six european countries (Germany, France, Czechia, Sweden, Spain and Hungary) and futher the comparison these countries in terms of health indicators of the population and the quality and effectiveness of their health care systems. The analytical part of the thesis is based on data from OECD (or Eurostat) and is focused on the comparison of demographic indicators, occurrence of risk factors in society, quality and availability of health care with a special emphasis on long-term care and expenditure on health. The results of the analysis mainly points to the efficiency of the Swedish healthcare system, which ranked highest, from selected countries, on all indicators used to rank different aspects of a healthcare system. Sweden is also facing some challenges, because of significant regional disparities. Conversely, the worst results were recorded in Hungary, which is affected by very low health-related expenditure and this results in a poor quality of health care. Keywords: healthcare, healthcare systems, health status, Europe
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