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Grate Biomass Boiler
Vrána, Jakub ; Křemínský, Pavel (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This master thesis deals with design of grate biomass boiler with 50 t/h power. A fuel of the boiler is a mixture of contaminated biomass and woodchips. The boiler produces steam with parameters of 4,2 MPa and 420 °C. Stochiometric and thermal calculations are based on given fuel composition and output steam parameters. Heat exchangers are designated in accordance with the calculations. General drawing of the boiler is attached to this document. Anti-corrosion measures are considered, due to chlorine content in biomass. Hydraulic and aerodynamic losses and dew point of the flue gas is calculated in the end.
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Design of Methods for Cleaning of Gas at Gasification of Stalk
Moskalík, Jiří ; Noskievič, Pavel (referee) ; Kabát, Viktor (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
Due to the continuous growth of energy consumption it is required that development in the energy sector is focused on renewable energy sources. Another possibility how to reduce the consumption of primary energy resources is also searching for new and non-traditional fuels. The biomass is the best and potentially expandable renewable energy source in geographic conditions in the Czech Republic. The energy usage of biomass has experienced a significant increase in recent years, however, even in the big energy power plant. This increase in consumption made mainly from wood biomass a shortage fuel, and it began to raise its price. The consumers of biomass fuel are starting to look for a different type of fuel at this time. Stalk and slightly contaminated biomass are representatives of these non-traditional fuels. Stalks are mostly annual plants grown primarily for subsistence. Waste parts of these plants can be utilized for production of energy. The characteristic temperatures of stalk ash have relatively low values. Sintering of ash in a device is one of the obstacles for energy usage of stalk. Sintering of ash brings a number of operational problems at power facilities. Therefore, the part of a research is dedicated to the melting of ash. The thermal gasification is one of the possibilities how to use biomass efficiently. Gasification can be understood as the thermo-chemical conversion of solid fuel into a different state, in this case the gaseous state. The combustion process is generally more manageable for gaseous fuels. Due to this process ower emissions of undesirable compounds at the output of the combustion device can be achieved. Thermal gasification process takes place under stochiometric access of oxidant. The gas with low heating value is on the outlet from gasification process. The main components of produced gas are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. The final gas contains also a lot of undesirable constituents, which make this gas disadvantaged in energy. These constituents are neutral components that dilute gas only, and pollutants as dust, tar and compounds of sulfur and chlorine. These pollutants complicate further use of the generated gas. The tar compounds together with dust causing build-up on the conveyor pipe and also on the combustion equipment, which are using this generated gas. The quality of produced gas is increases by another reprocessing and cleaning. The purified gas can be used for cogeneration of energy and burn it in internal combustion engines or gas turbines. Other possibility is typical usage for heating according to the needs of technology. The atmospheric fluidized bed gasification reactor Biofluid 100th was built for experimental purposes in the laboratories of the Energy Institute. The thesis is focused on thermal gasification of stalk and other non-traditional fuels in Biofluid device. The aim is to achieve a stable gasification process of stalk and thereby verify the possibility of stalk use as fuel for technology Biofluid. Subsequent aim is design of methods for cleaning the raw gas from the tar compounds. The research is focused on the secondary gas cleaning methods due to the requirements of high purity of the resulting gas.
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Grate Biomass Boiler
Vrána, Jakub ; Křemínský, Pavel (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This master thesis deals with design of grate biomass boiler with 50 t/h power. A fuel of the boiler is a mixture of contaminated biomass and woodchips. The boiler produces steam with parameters of 4,2 MPa and 420 °C. Stochiometric and thermal calculations are based on given fuel composition and output steam parameters. Heat exchangers are designated in accordance with the calculations. General drawing of the boiler is attached to this document. Anti-corrosion measures are considered, due to chlorine content in biomass. Hydraulic and aerodynamic losses and dew point of the flue gas is calculated in the end.
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Design of Methods for Cleaning of Gas at Gasification of Stalk
Moskalík, Jiří ; Noskievič, Pavel (referee) ; Kabát, Viktor (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
Due to the continuous growth of energy consumption it is required that development in the energy sector is focused on renewable energy sources. Another possibility how to reduce the consumption of primary energy resources is also searching for new and non-traditional fuels. The biomass is the best and potentially expandable renewable energy source in geographic conditions in the Czech Republic. The energy usage of biomass has experienced a significant increase in recent years, however, even in the big energy power plant. This increase in consumption made mainly from wood biomass a shortage fuel, and it began to raise its price. The consumers of biomass fuel are starting to look for a different type of fuel at this time. Stalk and slightly contaminated biomass are representatives of these non-traditional fuels. Stalks are mostly annual plants grown primarily for subsistence. Waste parts of these plants can be utilized for production of energy. The characteristic temperatures of stalk ash have relatively low values. Sintering of ash in a device is one of the obstacles for energy usage of stalk. Sintering of ash brings a number of operational problems at power facilities. Therefore, the part of a research is dedicated to the melting of ash. The thermal gasification is one of the possibilities how to use biomass efficiently. Gasification can be understood as the thermo-chemical conversion of solid fuel into a different state, in this case the gaseous state. The combustion process is generally more manageable for gaseous fuels. Due to this process ower emissions of undesirable compounds at the output of the combustion device can be achieved. Thermal gasification process takes place under stochiometric access of oxidant. The gas with low heating value is on the outlet from gasification process. The main components of produced gas are hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane. The final gas contains also a lot of undesirable constituents, which make this gas disadvantaged in energy. These constituents are neutral components that dilute gas only, and pollutants as dust, tar and compounds of sulfur and chlorine. These pollutants complicate further use of the generated gas. The tar compounds together with dust causing build-up on the conveyor pipe and also on the combustion equipment, which are using this generated gas. The quality of produced gas is increases by another reprocessing and cleaning. The purified gas can be used for cogeneration of energy and burn it in internal combustion engines or gas turbines. Other possibility is typical usage for heating according to the needs of technology. The atmospheric fluidized bed gasification reactor Biofluid 100th was built for experimental purposes in the laboratories of the Energy Institute. The thesis is focused on thermal gasification of stalk and other non-traditional fuels in Biofluid device. The aim is to achieve a stable gasification process of stalk and thereby verify the possibility of stalk use as fuel for technology Biofluid. Subsequent aim is design of methods for cleaning the raw gas from the tar compounds. The research is focused on the secondary gas cleaning methods due to the requirements of high purity of the resulting gas.
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Fluidized-bed Incineration of Contaminated Biomass – Final Report
Durda, Tomáš ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Šyc, Michal ; Svoboda, Karel ; Kameníková, Petra ; Krček, Martin ; Tošnarová, Markéta ; Moško, Jaroslav ; Punčochář, Miroslav
In the report, it has been shown how to effectively burn pretreated cornstalks in the fluidized-bed reactor with a stationary bubbling bed in the presence of a significant proportion of potassium.
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Fluidized-bed Incineration of Contaminated Biomass II
Pohořelý, Michael ; Šyc, Michal ; Krček, Martin ; Tošnarová, Markéta ; Durda, Tomáš ; Bludská, J. ; Svoboda, Karel ; Hartman, Miloslav ; Punčochář, Miroslav
In the report, it has been shown how to effectively burn pretreated cornstalks in the fluidized-bed reactor with a stationary bubbling bed in the presence of a significant proportion of potassium.
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Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature and Type of Ligno-Cellulose and Cellulose Biomass on Yield, Specific Surface Area and Mechanical Resistance of Active Coal
Pohořelý, Michael ; Břendová, K. ; Krček, M. ; Šyc, Michal ; Punčochář, Miroslav ; Száková, J. ; Tlustoš, P.
In the Czech Republic, there are many contaminated agricultural soils due to anthropogenic activity and geogenic origin. The contaminated biomass of plants grown on the contaminated soils needs to be appropriately disposed of to prevent the re-releace of heavy metals into the environment. One way of processing contaminated biomass is pyrolysis, where the heavy metals are concentrated in biochar (active coal). This can be applied to soil where it improves the physical properties. The aim of the work was to observe the effect of temperature and the type of biomass grown on contaminated soils from a locality Příbram on the specific surface area, yield and mechanic resistance of active coal.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22012112316131 - PDF
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