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Jelly candies with the addition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) extract
Knapovská, Pavlína ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This thesis deals with the application of bilberry fruits (Vaccinium myrtillus) and their extract to jelly candies and the subsequent characterization of these candies in terms of volatile compounds, total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, antioxidant activity and sensory quality. The volatiles were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and standard spectrophotometric methods were used for the determination of bioactive compounds. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, antioxidant activity by the TEAC method and total anthocyanin content by pH differential analysis. The sensory quality of the samples was evaluated using unstructured graphical scales. The preparation of the bilberry extract was optimized on the basis of total phenolic content and the following conditions were selected as the optimal: a weight of 1000 grams of bilberries per litre of water, a temperature of 50 °C, and an extraction time of 2 hours. The optimum additions to candies were selected, by sensory analysis, as 25 wt. % of extract and 15 wt. % of bilberries. A total of 45 volatile compounds were identified in the candy with bilberry extract, the most abundant being (E)-9-hexadecen-1-ol (22,7 %), furfural (10,9 %) and 2-ethylhexan-1-ol (10,0 %). The total phenolic content was 1141 ± 11 gGAE · g-1, the antioxidant activity was 660 ± 66 gTE · g-1 and the total anthocyanin content was 418 ± 23 gC3G · g-1. A total of 40 volatile compounds were identified in the candy with bilberry and the most abundant were linalool (22,7 %), (E)-9-hexadecene-1-ol (16,1 %) and 2-ethylhexan-1-ol (8,4 %). The total phenolic content was 1735 ± 56 gGAE · g-1, the antioxidant activity was 1109 ± 32 gTE · g-1 and the total anthocyanin content was 745 ± 23 gC3G · g-1. With the addition of both the extract and the bilberries, the candies showed a significant increase in bioactive and volatile compounds content, and the colour and flavour of the enriched samples were positively evaluated, thus improving their overall acceptability.
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Identification of DNA from plant foods using molecular techniques
Papala, František ; Langová, Denisa (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the identification of plant DNA in a complex matrix using molecular techniques. The work first focuses on a search of literature sources concerned with molecular techniques of DNA identification. Next, it deals theoretically with methods of isolation and characterization of plant DNA. Specifically, we shall work with blueberry DNA. In the experimental part, DNA from four commercial products was isolated and subsequently subjected to PCR and HRM analysis.
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Identification of DNA from plant foods using molecular techniques
Papala, František ; Langová, Denisa (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the identification of plant DNA in a complex matrix using molecular techniques. The work first focuses on a search of literature sources concerned with molecular techniques of DNA identification. Next, it deals theoretically with methods of isolation and characterization of plant DNA. Specifically, we shall work with blueberry DNA. In the experimental part, DNA from four commercial products was isolated and subsequently subjected to PCR and HRM analysis.
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Radiocesium v rostlinách brusnice borůvky
Šoukalová, Červinkov
As a result of nuclear weapons tests and accidents of nuclear power plant which has occurred during the recent history, a radiocaesium (137Cs) was released to the environment. Considering the half-life, radiocaesium has been still presented and detected in the components of the Czech environment, especially in forest ecosystem. Radiocaesium content and transfer was studied in the individual biotic component of forest ecosystem using the bilberry plants (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) which excel in effective radiocaesium accumulation ability. During the last three years, the collection more than 350 samples was conducted. The samples of vegetative and generative parts of bilberries and soil samples were collected from mountain area of interest which were severely contaminated with radiocaesium. Average surface activity of radiocaesium was 4007 Bq.m-2 for Jeseníky, 2807 Bq.m-2 for Orlické hory and 1783 Bq.m-2 for Krkonoše. Depending on the soil properties of the sample locality, the aggregated transfer factor (TF-AG) was established. The aggregated transfer factor for radiocaesium reached values ranging from 4,42E-03 to 3,25E-01 m2.kg-1. The values of aggregated transfer factor demonstrated slight but statistically highly significant negative correlations with content of clay particles. The weak but statistically significant positive correlation between aggregated transfer factor and content of humus was determined. The slight but statistically significant negative correlation between aggregated transfer factor and active soil reaction was also identified. The correlation between TF-AG and altitude was not proven. However, based on the multivariate analysis the Generalized Linear Model (GLM procedure), only content of clay particles and active pH had highly significant effect on the aggregated transfer factor. Effect of other tested factors was not established. Radiocaesium translocation analyses demonstrated the significant seasonal variation of 137Cs in bilberry plant. Radiocaesium percentage representation was identified in the individual parts of bilberry plant as follows. Stems of bilberry demonstrated the lowest content of radiocaesium, then fruits, subsequently leaves and the root kept the highest content of radiocesium. Consumption of herbal bilberry tea and bilberry fresh fruit does not endanger the health of the Czech population and the contribution to total radiation dose is negligible.
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Využití molekulárních markerů při šlechtění kanadských borůvek
Hynek, Petr
This thesis deals with the latest findings in breeding highbush blueberries. There is prepared an overview of currently used PCR techniques, examples of their use in the past and possible future use in the study of the species Vaccinium corymbosum L. It was observed the application of molecular methods used in the analysis of plant DNA in this plant species. There is a description of molecular methods and their results used for the identification and differentiation of the varieties, monitoring and diagnosis of pathogens and the formation of molecular markers. These markers can be associated with economically important properties of this species.
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