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Effect of Exercise on Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue
Gazdová, Tatiana ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Tauchmannová, Kateřina (referee)
Obesity and old age are more prevalent among the current human population than ever before. Increased fat accumulation and hormonal dysregulation are common hallmarks of both these states. It is well reported that both states are associated with impaired lipolysis and glucose homeostasis as a result of disrupted metabolic pathway signalling. Current research offers exercise as a possible remedy, which could improve substrate handling in obesity and old age. Increased energy expenditure, myokine production, and improved insulin sensitivity are all potential benefits of exercise that could mitigate the health risks associated with obesity and ageing. In this work we aim to explore the effect of acute endurance exercise protocol on lipolytic activity of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue depots of lean and young, obese, and aged mice. By the addition of forskolin, isoproterenol, and insulin into the explant media we hope to assess the functionality of β-adrenergic signalling in our subjects. Post exercise lipolytic rate, measured as non-esterified fatty acid release, increased in both depots in all test groups. Glycerol release did not follow the same pattern. Additionally, lipolytic rate, measured as non-esterified fatty acid release, in visceral adipose tissue was higher in samples from...
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Characterization of epicardial, pericardial, and perivascular adipose tissue in humans and mice
Rybová, Aneta ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Kuneš, Jaroslav (referee)
Heart-associated adipose tissue plays an important role in the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Not only does it serve as a protection against mechanical and thermal stress, but it also provides energy for the cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, it can also act as a tissue that promotes a proinflammatory state around the heart, which can result in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Information from the study of epicardial, perivascular or paracardial and other adipose tissue surrounding the heart and large vessels may be used in the prevention of pathological conditions of the heart that are associated with the presence of this adipose tissue.
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Utilization of energy substrates in white and brown adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome
Seďová, Karolína ; Škop, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Šilhavý, Jan (referee)
1 Abstrakt Hnědá tuková tkáň je unikátní termoregulační orgán, její funkcí je přeměňovat energii ve formě protonového gradientu na energii tepelnou a zároveň snižovat efektivitu metabolismu. Její funkce se zdá být nadějí v léčbě metabolického syndromu a komplikací s ním spojených. Efekt hnědé tukové tkáně v léčbě MS však stále není objasněn a proto jsme chirurgicky odstranili tuto tkáň u potkanů, kteří trpí metabolickým syndromem, abychom objasnili důsledky extirpace na parametry metabolického syndromu. V této práci jsme sledovali aktivitu interskapulární tukové tkáně na parametry metabolického syndromu. Srovnávali jsme parametry mezi kmeny HHTg potkanů a kontrolním kmenem potkanů Wistar a pozorovali jsme nižší hmotnost potkanů kmene HHTg přes projevy ostatních parametrů metabolického syndromu, jako je dyslipidémie, inzulinová rezistence tukové tkáně, vyšší hodnoty NEMK v krvi. Zjistili jsme, že tito potkani mají významně vyšší aktivitu iBAT, jak v inkorporaci palmitátu do lipidů, tak ve spalování lipidů ve formě CO2 a zejména v nižším věku. Tato zjištění nás vedla k hypotéze, že iBAT by mohla mít zásadní vliv na parametry MS u neobézních potkanů. Extirpací iBAT u mladých potkanů, ani u potkanů v pokročilejším věku však neměla zásadní vliv na metabolismus ani na hmotnost. Dokonce došlo ke zlepšení některých...
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Regulation of lipolysis and re-esterification in white adipose tissue - possible role of FGF21
Špiláková, Blanka ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Šilhavý, Jan (referee)
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a unique peptide hormone involved in the energy homeosta- sis, as well as in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Numerous animal studies suggest that FGF21 may be used as a potential treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was found out, that FGF21 counteracts the development of obesity presumably by increasing energy expenditure through activation of thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue. FGF21 apparently also inhibits lipolysis. However, the specific mechanism of action of FGF21 is not clear. In our experiments we studied the antiobesogenic effects of FGF21 on mice model of diet-induced obesity at thermoneutrality. It is assumed that this model approach (in contrast to housing mice at standard laboratory temperature) mimics closely the metabolic status of humans. During the 4- to 8-day FGF21 treatment we observed a gradual reduction of lipid content in the brown and white adipose tissue and liver, especially in combination with β3-adrenergic stimulation. We have confirmed that FGF21 inhib- its lipolysis and also stimulates browning in certain adipose tissue depots. Furthermore, we have found that the effect of FGF21 on fatty acid secretion by adipose tissue is not mediated by changes in the fatty acid re-esterification...
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Metabolipidomic profiling of white adipose tissue by UPLC-MS/MS
Rombaldová, Martina ; Kuda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šiklová, Michaela (referee) ; Čajka, Tomáš (referee)
Obesity is a serious problem in society today [1,2]. It might seems to have been caused simply by excess consumption of food compared to energy expenditure but obesity is actually a complex metabolic disorder centred on adipose lipid metabolism and cellular signalling systems linked to it [3]. Understanding the biology of adipose tissue (AT) is very important for the identification of novel and potential therapeutic targets in order to prevent and treat obesity-related disorders [4]. We utilized analytical approach liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to study adipose tissue metabolism. Also, we were especially interested in the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on that metabolism. Rodent and cell line experiments were performed and analyses were done of white adipose tissue (WAT), serum/plasma samples or cells as well as milk samples from mothers. At first, we established several ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods for analysis of acylcarnitines (AC), amino acids (AmA) and other metabolites. Importantly, these methods were able to distinguish isobaric species of AC which is not usually possible. Using these approaches we uncovered several acylcarnitines, i.e. long chain AC, carnitine, acylcarnitine C4 and...
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Regulation of immunometabolism in white adipose tissue
Gazdová, Tatiana ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Beňová, Andrea (referee)
High-fat diet promotes the development of diet-induced obesity, which leads to further complications such as insulin resistance and type II diabetes. The underlying cause for development of obesity associated pathologies is disruption of adipose tissue homeostasis. Excessive lipid accumulation and rapid white adipose tissue expansion stimulate infiltration, proliferation, and activation of immune cells involved in inflammation propagation. Immune cells within white adipose tissue have the ability to modulate adipocyte function as well as whole-body metabolism. These interactions and function modulations are the core topics of immunometabolism, a rapidly developing field of research focused on interpreting how immune system modulates metabolism on cellular as well as systemic level. In obesity, pro-inflammatory immune cells, for example M1 macrophages and neutrophils, outnumber homeostasis-promoting anti-inflammatory immune cells in white adipose tissue and alter the tissue environment. As a result, pro-inflammatory cytokines prevent adipocytes from adequately responding to extracellular stimuli. The resulting interactions between immune cells and adipocytes maintain inflammation and promote ectopic lipid accumulation. Experimental studies suggest that white adipose tissue inflammation can be...
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Metabolipidomic profiling of white adipose tissue by UPLC-MS/MS
Rombaldová, Martina
Obesity is a serious problem in society today [1,2]. It might seems to have been caused simply by excess consumption of food compared to energy expenditure but obesity is actually a complex metabolic disorder centred on adipose lipid metabolism and cellular signalling systems linked to it [3]. Understanding the biology of adipose tissue (AT) is very important for the identification of novel and potential therapeutic targets in order to prevent and treat obesity-related disorders [4]. We utilized analytical approach liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to study adipose tissue metabolism. Also, we were especially interested in the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on that metabolism. Rodent and cell line experiments were performed and analyses were done of white adipose tissue (WAT), serum/plasma samples or cells as well as milk samples from mothers. At first, we established several ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods for analysis of acylcarnitines (AC), amino acids (AmA) and other metabolites. Importantly, these methods were able to distinguish isobaric species of AC which is not usually possible. Using these approaches we uncovered several acylcarnitines, i.e. long chain AC, carnitine, acylcarnitine C4 and...
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Metabolipidomic profiling of white adipose tissue by UPLC-MS/MS
Rombaldová, Martina
Obesity is a serious problem in society today [1,2]. It might seems to have been caused simply by excess consumption of food compared to energy expenditure but obesity is actually a complex metabolic disorder centred on adipose lipid metabolism and cellular signalling systems linked to it [3]. Understanding the biology of adipose tissue (AT) is very important for the identification of novel and potential therapeutic targets in order to prevent and treat obesity-related disorders [4]. We utilized analytical approach liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to study adipose tissue metabolism. Also, we were especially interested in the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on that metabolism. Rodent and cell line experiments were performed and analyses were done of white adipose tissue (WAT), serum/plasma samples or cells as well as milk samples from mothers. At first, we established several ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods for analysis of acylcarnitines (AC), amino acids (AmA) and other metabolites. Importantly, these methods were able to distinguish isobaric species of AC which is not usually possible. Using these approaches we uncovered several acylcarnitines, i.e. long chain AC, carnitine, acylcarnitine C4 and...
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Metabolipidomic profiling of white adipose tissue by UPLC-MS/MS
Rombaldová, Martina ; Kuda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šiklová, Michaela (referee) ; Čajka, Tomáš (referee)
Obesity is a serious problem in society today [1,2]. It might seems to have been caused simply by excess consumption of food compared to energy expenditure but obesity is actually a complex metabolic disorder centred on adipose lipid metabolism and cellular signalling systems linked to it [3]. Understanding the biology of adipose tissue (AT) is very important for the identification of novel and potential therapeutic targets in order to prevent and treat obesity-related disorders [4]. We utilized analytical approach liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to study adipose tissue metabolism. Also, we were especially interested in the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on that metabolism. Rodent and cell line experiments were performed and analyses were done of white adipose tissue (WAT), serum/plasma samples or cells as well as milk samples from mothers. At first, we established several ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods for analysis of acylcarnitines (AC), amino acids (AmA) and other metabolites. Importantly, these methods were able to distinguish isobaric species of AC which is not usually possible. Using these approaches we uncovered several acylcarnitines, i.e. long chain AC, carnitine, acylcarnitine C4 and...
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Regulation of lipolysis and re-esterification in white adipose tissue - possible role of FGF21
Špiláková, Blanka ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Šilhavý, Jan (referee)
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a unique peptide hormone involved in the energy homeosta- sis, as well as in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Numerous animal studies suggest that FGF21 may be used as a potential treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was found out, that FGF21 counteracts the development of obesity presumably by increasing energy expenditure through activation of thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissue. FGF21 apparently also inhibits lipolysis. However, the specific mechanism of action of FGF21 is not clear. In our experiments we studied the antiobesogenic effects of FGF21 on mice model of diet-induced obesity at thermoneutrality. It is assumed that this model approach (in contrast to housing mice at standard laboratory temperature) mimics closely the metabolic status of humans. During the 4- to 8-day FGF21 treatment we observed a gradual reduction of lipid content in the brown and white adipose tissue and liver, especially in combination with β3-adrenergic stimulation. We have confirmed that FGF21 inhib- its lipolysis and also stimulates browning in certain adipose tissue depots. Furthermore, we have found that the effect of FGF21 on fatty acid secretion by adipose tissue is not mediated by changes in the fatty acid re-esterification...
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