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Rhizobiom pro zvýšení resilience polních plodin ke změně klimatu
Řezáč, Vlastislav
The bachelor thesis focuses on the importance of the plant root system and associated symbiotic microorganisms. The aim was to describe these relationships, present their advantages in agriculture and methods of their adoption. In the practical part, the root system was evaluated using WinRHIZO software. The material used was the grown root systems of Trifolium sp. plants at the age of 18 days. The basic parameters associated with the root system characteristics, i.e. total length, total surface, average diameter, total volume, number of tips, number of branches were determined. The number of formed nodules was also determined. As a secondary result, the macrophenological phase of the initiation of nodule for-mation was determined between BBCH 10 and BBCH 11.
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Importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities for the growth of selected plant species on an abandonned field
Voříšková, Alena ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
The thesis deals with the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on the growth of selected plant species at a locality in České středohoří. This locality is characterized by close neighborhood of a semi-natural dry grassland and a former field abandonned in the 1990s, typical for the mosaic of biotopes in the region. The study is based on previous findings that some plant species, which are common at the semi-natural dry grasslands, do not colonize the abandoned fields. As AM is an important factor affecting diversity and productivity of plant communities we hypothesized that this phenomenon could be related to changes in AM fungal communities at the abandoned field. The hyphothesis was tested in a greenhouse pot experiment with three taxonomically related pairs of plant species, always one species growing at the abandoned field and the second one not. Growth and phosphorus uptake of the plants was followed in soils of both biotopes after factorial inoculation with AM fungal communities from both biotopes. The experiment was complemented by description of AM fungal communities in the roots of six plant species pairs from the locality using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The greenhouse experiment revealed positive mycorrhizal response in all plant species, but the origin...
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Specificity between partners in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Voříšková, Alena ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Püschel, David (referee)
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a symbiotic interaction between vascular plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from phylum Glomeromycota. AM symbiosis is considered as a nonspecific interaction, because AM fungi are able to colonize roots of all plant species which are hosts for this type of symbiosis, nevertheless certain specific interactions exist between the partners. The specificity can be evident on the level of the formation of mycorrhiza, which means that different species of plants can vary in the composition of fungal community in their roots or AM fungi can differ in an ability of colonization and sporulation depending on host plant species. The specificity can also manifest as different functionality of the symbiosis in dependence on the particular partners affecting the mycorrhizal response of the host plants. All of these specific interactions can have an impact on the coexistence and diversity of plants in communities.
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Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza to ecosystem services in agroecosystems
Šabatková, Zuzana ; Janoušková, Martina (advisor) ; Kohout, Petr (referee)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are significant plant mutualists providing their host plants with many benefits. For efficient use of arbuscular mycorrhiza in agricultural systems, it is important to understand factors, which can influence the beneficial effects of the symbiosis, and how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter plant physiological mechanisms. If used correctly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could importantly contribute to various ecosystem services in agroecosystems and thus alleviate yield losses and decrease the negative impact of agriculture on ecosystems. This thesis summarizes the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on crop plants in agroecosystems, their occurence in agricultural systems, particularly in arable soils, as well as their contribution to selected ecosystem services in agroecosystems. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ecosystem services, agroecosystem, soil formation, environmental stress, plant resistence
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Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities among plants from different functional groups
Novák, Václav ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a type of mutualistic symbiosis between most plant species and fungi from the phylum Glomeromycota. Both partners exchange nutrients. The fungus provides inorganic substances especially phosphorus and receives the products of photosynthesis from the plant. Mycorrhiza also affects plant growth and resistance against pathogens. The composition of AM fungi community is, apart from abiotic factors, also driven by the host plant traits such as photosynthetic type, growth form, life cycle, CSR strategy, N-fixation or mycorrhizal status. The role of mycorrhizae also differs among different plant functional types. This thesis describes the differences in composition and diversity of AM fungal communities among plants with different ecophysiological traits and summarizes the role of mycorrhiza for different plant functional types.
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Biochemické ukazatele vybraných půdních typů
Cakl, Lukáš
The thesis deals with quantitative characterization of glomaline in three localities (Hrušky, Bošovice and Zástřizly). We determine easily extractable glomalin by using Bradford´s method. We analyzed the dependence of glomaline on pH and physiological availability of soil nitrogen nitrogen (N/B). The glomalin content was relatively low but in view of the fact we analysed arable land it is standard. Furthermore we also reported that glomalin content was decreasing with soil depth. All these results correlate with other scientific publication. Our results show that glomalin content is one of the most sensitive biological parametr which response to soil disturbance.
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Možnosti využití arbuskulární mykorhizy při rozmnožování vybraných odrůd angreštu
Střihavková, Dana
This diploma thesis deals with usage of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the reproduction of selected varieties of gooseberries in plant nursery. The experiment was established in Brno in autumn 2018 and was completed in spring of the following year. In total, 60 plants of the ´Black Negus´, ´Carat´ and ´Rolonda´ varieties were evaluated, with half of the plants being inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus and the other half without mycorrhiza, as control plants. The following parameters were evaluated: extent of root colonization by mycorrhizal structures, content of chlorophyll, relative size of the root system, dry matter in the root system, substrate temperature and substrate humidity, root collar diameter and shoot length. The results show that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus influenced the plant root system in positive way, which was reflected in the increase in root collar diameter. The inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus should also have a positive effect on the growth of the aerial part of the plant, the health and plant resistance to drought and pathogens.
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Využití arbuskulární mykorhizy formou fytoremediace
Wohlmuth, Jan
The thesis is focused on the possibilities of using the phytoremediation effects of mycorrhizal symbioses in the cultivation of ornamental and fruit trees in ecologically loaded habitats. The main criterion described was the ability of plants to use phytoremediation technologies. The thesis summarizes selected scientific knowledge, which looks into the topic of phytoremediation technologies using plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, especially arbuscular ones, while evaluating the practical use in the Czech Republic and the world.
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