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IMPACT OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS ON RUNOFF REGIME IN FOREST CATCHMENT
Kalkus, Jan ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
The main task of this diploma thesis is to evaluate function of system of open drainage channels and its impact on runoff from Tetřívčí brook forest catchment in Šumava mountains region, upper basin of the Blanice River. Catchment area is only 1,62 km2 and total length of all channels is over 12 km, so it's very important feature of this catchment. The first task was to explore to explore all the channels and set them to the map. Most of used data were measured manually, only precipitation and water level in main stream were measured by automatic gauges. It's not possible to compare results with state without channels, what is the main obstacle for data analysis. Measured channels normally contribute to total catchment runoff by 6 % to 39 %. About 20 % of channel length participate in runoff process in dry periods, in wet periods it can be even 90 % of channel length, what indicates functionality of drainage system. Actual soil saturation in the catchment is very important factor, it's expressed either by index API 5 (based on precipitation) or by groundwater level in 5 measured in separate drills. It's proved by channels responses in well-saturated periods. Runoff in measured channels raises up significantly after even very small precipitations of 1,7 mm. All results are suggesting, that total...
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Temporal and spatial variability of selected runoff episodes in the headstream area of the Blanice River
Kodádková, Iveta ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
This study is focused on the evaluation of selected rainfall-runoff episodes in terms of temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and runoff in the upper basin of the Blanice River. HEC - HMS model with two variants of spatial discretization was used to achieve the results of the holistic approach. The main input data was quantitative precipitation estimation, which better assessed the spatial variability of rainfall fields than interpolated ground measurements. The model simulated five episodes. Contrary to expectations, southern headstream area of the basin showed lower coefficient of runoff in comparison with its northern part. Precipitation cores of epizods occurred over the northern part of the basin at the outlet. Outputs from the model were evaluated in relation to measurements carried out in the experimental basin Zbytiny. Key words: Blanice River, HEC-HMS, hydrologic modeling, quantitative precipitation estimation
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IMPACT OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS ON RUNOFF REGIME IN FOREST CATCHMENT
Kalkus, Jan ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
The main task of this diploma thesis is to evaluate function of system of open drainage channels and its impact on runoff from Tetřívčí brook forest catchment in Šumava mountains region, upper basin of the Blanice River. Catchment area is only 1,62 km2 and total length of all channels is over 12 km, so it's very important feature of this catchment. The first task was to explore to explore all the channels and set them to the map. Most of used data were measured manually, only precipitation and water level in main stream were measured by automatic gauges. It's not possible to compare results with state without channels, what is the main obstacle for data analysis. Measured channels normally contribute to total catchment runoff by 6 % to 39 %. About 20 % of channel length participate in runoff process in dry periods, in wet periods it can be even 90 % of channel length, what indicates functionality of drainage system. Actual soil saturation in the catchment is very important factor, it's expressed either by index API 5 (based on precipitation) or by groundwater level in 5 measured in separate drills. It's proved by channels responses in well-saturated periods. Runoff in measured channels raises up significantly after even very small precipitations of 1,7 mm. All results are suggesting, that total...
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Temporal and spatial variability of selected runoff episodes in the headstream area of the Blanice River
Kodádková, Iveta ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jeníček, Michal (referee)
This study is focused on the evaluation of selected rainfall-runoff episodes in terms of temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and runoff in the upper basin of the Blanice River. HEC - HMS model with two variants of spatial discretization was used to achieve the results of the holistic approach. The main input data was quantitative precipitation estimation, which better assessed the spatial variability of rainfall fields than interpolated ground measurements. The model simulated five episodes. Contrary to expectations, southern headstream area of the basin showed lower coefficient of runoff in comparison with its northern part. Precipitation cores of epizods occurred over the northern part of the basin at the outlet. Outputs from the model were evaluated in relation to measurements carried out in the experimental basin Zbytiny. Key words: Blanice River, HEC-HMS, hydrologic modeling, quantitative precipitation estimation
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Ecohydrological survey of river habitat quality - application to study area of the Zbytinsky brook catchment
Bímová, Tereza ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Tátosová, Jolana (referee)
Eco-hydrology represents a new approach to managing and protection of water bodies. Creates a new option of protection, revitalization and use rivers. Essential components in assessing the quality of streams are biological, hydromorphological and physical-chemical elements. This study is mainly focused on the review of the ecohydrological research in the upper Blanice river basin. Introduction is short overview of the current valid legislation of the European Union and the Czech Republic which creates a basic framework for assessing the ecological quality of streams. The aim is to summarize existing knowledge and assessment of surface water quality in terms of chemistry based on available data. The territories concerned are catchments of Zbytinský stream and Tetřívčí stream.
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The occurrence and interactions of iodine in a natural environment, focused on the hydrosphere.
ŠEDA, Martin
Iodine is an important element essential for higher animals. A large part of the global human population suffers from a lack of iodine; elucidation of transfer and mobility of this element in the environment, water, soil, air and in organisms is thus very important. The aim of this work was the elaboration and optimisation of the method for determination of very low concentrations of iodine in the waters. The mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) technique was used. It has been shown that using of different filter types during sample preparation had no significant effect on the content of impurities in the filtered sample. Antimony was recommended as an internal standard, despite commonly used elements (indium or tellurium). Samples were not preserved because nitric acid caused volatilization of iodine from the sample and the addition of aqueous ammonia had no significant effect. The optimised method was tested on several groups of water samples, including precipitation, surface water and lysimetric waters. From autumn 2009 to summer 2010, a part of the Blanice River (Šumava Mountains, South Bohemia) was sampled. The average content of iodine in samples ranged from 1.48 ? 0.30 ?g?dm-3 (April 2010) to 3.05 ? 0.38 ?g?dm-3 (July 2010). The average content of iodine in samples from all tributaries of the Blanice River ranged between 2.52 ? 1.63 ?g?dm-3 (March 2010) and 3.67 ? 1.37 ?g?dm-3 (July 2010). The concentration of iodine in the monitored surface waters did not change significantly along the flow of the river. The other two streams were sampled near Rapotín village (Jeseníky Mountains, north Moravia). The average contents of iodine were as follow: Annov (upper stream) 1.60 ? 0.65 ?g?dm-3, Annov (lower stream) 1.88 ? 1.18 ?g?dm-3, Salaš (upper stream) 1.77 ? 0.92 ?g?dm-3, Salaš (lower stream) 1.42 ? 0.58 ?g?dm-3. Generally, the data showed that considering iodine, the area of Šumava had slightly higher levels than those observed in the Jeseníky Mountains. Precipitation collected in the South Bohemia (Arnoštov village and city of České Budějovice) and in Jeseníky (Rapotín) contained less iodine compared to surface waters, and rarely exceeded 3 micrograms per liter of water. The situation has changed in the spring of 2010, because of the occurrence of volcanic dust and ash over the Czech Republic. This volcanic cloud came from the sudden activity of the Eyjafjallajökull Volcano (Iceland). In the mentioned period, the contents of iodine in precipitation were increased several times at all sample collection sites. This is an indirect evidence that iodine could be released during volcanic eruptions and transferred over long distances through the atmosphere. It turned out that the wastewater treatment plant can eliminate iodine in wastewater only partially. However, the wastewater treatment plants in the monitored region were too small to evaluate the overall impact on the environment. The maximum iodine content at the outlet of the wastewater treatment plant Prachatice town (South Bohemia) was 28.5 ?g?dm-3, which is several times higher than natural levels in the Živný stream, to which the treated water flows. Lysimetric water samples were collected from lysimeters installed in three nearby plots in Arnoštov village (Šumava, South Bohemia). The highest concentrations of iodine were found on plot where cattle were grazed. These values were significantly higher (average 4.38 ? 1.74 ?g?dm-3) than those obtained from a site used as hay meadow (average 2.69 ? 1.19 ?g?dm-3) or an untreated meadow (average 2.25 ? 1.39 ?g?dm-3). Iodine therefore probably originated from the urine and feces of grazed cattle. This thesis contributes to the total knowledge of iodine, particularly to the part concerning determination of iodine in the hydrosphere.
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Occurrence of Common Kingfisher on the Blanice river and the effect of modification of the riverbed on its ecotope
KAŠTÁNKOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the monitoring of kingfisher presence in the natural as well as modified biotope in certain sector of the Blanice river´s flow. The chosen section is a part of the Blanice river beginning before Bavorov village by ?U Skuhrů? locality and ending under the Husinecká přehrada dam. This work focuses on floodings, antiflooding modification and its influence on kingfisher biotope. Processing this bachelor thesis, it was found out that 5,6 % of the left and 5,1 % of the right bank of the focused part of the river show features of antropogenic adaptation. It was also found out, that 30 % of the chosen part of the river have appropriate conditions for kingfisher nesting. In these parts of the river, there were found altogether 25 unoccupied remainders of old nests and 3 occupied nests. The most suitable locality for kingfisher nesting from all monitored areas is in the natural part between the villages of Blanice and Strunkovice nad Blanicí. One of the occupied nests was found in anthropogenicly modified part of the river flow in the village of Husinec. It was 50 metres far from the river in the steep hillside. The banks of the river in this area were strengthened after the floodings by stone from quarries and the stream bed was artificially straightened.
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