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The socioeconomic effects of microeconomic teaching
Štěpánová, Sára ; Červinka, Michal (advisor) ; Zeynalova, Olesia (referee)
The field of microeconomics has quite strong assumptions of rational and self-interested behaviour on which it builds its mathematical models. As such, it may be presented to the students of microeconomics as a norm and students may then behave more selfish in their decision-making, which would make the assumptions of microeconomics self-fulfilling. This study investigates whether the current teachings of microeconomics promote self-interest. It focuses on the influence that different forms of wording have on decision-making. It further compares students of economics and students of non-economic fields and inspects whether the exposure to microeconomics courses affects the decision-making of students. It replicates the experiment of Buchter (2020) and compares the results. The data was collected through three differently worded versions of an online questionnaire, randomly distributed among the students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, both from economic and non- economic fields of study. The results showed that wording is the most significant factor for the decision-making of individuals. Field of study or the number of semesters of microeconomics did not have a significant effect on the respondents choices. Year of study had some effect on the decision-making of respondents,...
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Three Essays on the Economics of Education
Zeynalova, Olesia ; Havránková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Cook, Nikolai (referee) ; Janků, Jan (referee) ; Geyer-Klingeberg, Jerome (referee)
Dissertation Thesis Three Essays on the Economics of Education Mgr. Olesia Zeynalova Abstract This dissertation focuses on three aspects of higher education policy that are pertinent to both deans and policymakers. The first essay contributes to the debate about the relationship between tuition fees and demand for higher education using meta-analysis. While large negative estimates dominate the literature, we show that researchers report positive and insignificant estimates less often than they should. After correcting for this publication bias, we find that the literature is consistent with the mean tuition-enrollment elasticity being close to zero. The second essay shows how easily firms can substitute workers with different educational backgrounds. We evaluate the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled workers, which is a key parameter in the analysis of wage inequality. We show that the empirical literature is consistent with both publication and attenuation bias in the estimated inverse elasticities. The publication bias-corrected estimates remain close to zero. The result is consistent with attenuation bias in the literature and implies an elasticity of 4 after correction for both biases. The third essay shows how the real implementation of the Russian Unified State Exam (USE) reform...
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Does growing up surrounded by books improve our cognitive skills as seniors?
Kovácsová, Julie ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Zeynalova, Olesia (referee)
This thesis examines whether growing up surrounded by books has an impact on cognitive skills later in life. Data from SHARE - Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used. The variable 'books when ten' is used to determine its effect on variable 'numeracy'. We used also other variables regarding the respondent's age, gender, mental health or family situation. The results of this study show that those who were surrounded by a higher number of books as children perform better at a specific task designed to test cognitive ability when presented with it at an age of over 50 years. The results were obtained using logit model. The finding that access to books can slow down cognitive decline later in life can be used to argue for greater focus on reading and availability of books in schools as well as greater access to books through public libraries, or act as a hint for parents aiming to give their children the greatest possible introduction to life. Keywords books, education, congnitive skills, SHARE Title Does growing up surrounded by books improve our cognitive skills as seniors? Author's e-mail julie.kovacsova@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail jana.votapkova@fsv.cuni.cz
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The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and other factors on road traffic safety in the Czech Republic
Schusterová, Josefína ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Zeynalova, Olesia (referee)
This thesis focuses primarily on determining the potential effect of Covid-19 on road traffic safety in the Czech Republic, measured by the daily volume of traffic collisions. The additional incorporation of weather and seasonal fac- tors contributes to the complexity and uniqueness of this work. Although it is possible to Ąnd relevant foreign literature on the relationship between the pandemic and traffic accidents, this phenomenon has not been widely studied in the Czech Republic. The hypotheses were tested by applying the Ordinary Least Squares es- timation on time series data. The frequency of traffic accidents signiĄcantly decreased with the presence of Covid-19 disease, especially during the state lockdown periods. A similar pattern was observed by the remaining analysed categories of collisions, except for those with alcohol and drugs detected by the offender, which were positively inĆuenced by the pandemic. The wind is the only statistically insigniĄcant weather variable in our analysis, and the state holidays all turn out to signiĄcantly affect the number of traffic accidents. Over- all, the thesis contributes to the revelation of traffic trends during the Covid-19 disease and helps to predict the traffic safety situation in a possible future state of emergency of a similar kind.
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Impact of socio-demographic aspects on training and contest intensity among runners
Klásek, Jan ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Zeynalova, Olesia (referee)
Running has become very popular leisure time activity in the recent years. The main intention of this thesis is to uncover how various socio-demographic factors influence the training intensity among leisure time runners and their consecu- tive participation at the races. The data for the analysis ware collected through the self-developed online questionnaire. The volume of the training was es- timated using OLS method, probability of participation was analyzed by the logistic regression. Individual motivational factors and health indicators have the biggest effect. Education nor demographic factors are not statistically sig- nificant. Household income has an impact only on the race participation. 1
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What makes children feel good about their work: experimental investigation.
Janšta, Lubomír ; Matoušek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Zeynalova, Olesia (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses how perceived meaning influences child performance, mood and enjoyment when performing work-related tasks. In laboratory settings, I manipulated the level of perceived meaning that was given for completion of an easy repetitive assignment by three different treatments. In the "Recognized" condition, each completed task was awarded with verbal recognition. The experimenter in the "Ignored" condition did not care about completed work. In the "Shredded" condition, the finished task was left not only unchecked, but it was destroyed immediately after submission. I observed a strong positive relationship between how "nice" experimenter behaved and how many tasks children finished. The same held for how good children felt. In general, even small acknowledgment mattered more than the demotivating procedure, but there were some gender-specific differences. Specifically, recognition played an important role for boys. On the contrary, destroying of completed tasks had a major negative effect on girls. These aspects significantly impacted both, performance as well as mood. Keywords Perceived meaning, Meaningful work, Futile work, Experimental investigation, Children
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