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Maya Calendar
Dimelisová, Eleni ; Korecká, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vrhel, František (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with knowledge that we have nowadays about the Maya calendar system in pre-conquest time. Furthermore, themes of Maya astronomy and the 2012 phenomenon are mentioned. This text is focused on the Maya concept of time and the Maya numeral system. Great attention is given to the basic parts of which the Maya calendar consisted - solar and sacral year, which constitute a Calendar Round, and the Long Count. This thesis is also concerned with the Maya concept of astronomy and three celestial bodies, which were very important in the Maya astronomy - the Sun, the Moon and Venus. Last chapter of this thesis concentrates on the source of the 2012 phenomenon and the opinions on this issue. Keywords Maya calendar, Maya astronomy, the 2012 phenomenon.
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Mongolian Nomads: Prohibitions and Natural Cults. Tabu phenomena and Their Language Expressions
Muhič Vobořilová, Jana ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee) ; Skupnik, Jaroslav (referee)
MONGOLIAN NOMADS: PROHIBITIONS AND NATURAL CULTS Taboo Phenomena and Their Language Expressions This dissertation has been created on the interface of the three disciplines: ethnology, linguistic and Mongolian studies. It studies tabooed areas of life of Mongolian shepherds, related mainly to worshiping of the natural cults and to some significant cognitive models applied across the culture. The core of this work is the analysis of data collected repeatedly during field researches based on recording the language expressions of speakers and on a participative observing of the author. Prohibitions (taboos) which play role in the everyday life of the shepherds in the Mongolian steppe emanate primarily from the relation of humans with the nature which surrounds them. The aim of the work is to shed light on the question how the systematic nature of prohibitions (ceeriin yos) is anchored in the conceptual framework. In this the context of the Mongolian shepherd culture as a whole has been emphasised. Cognitive-linguistic approach represents a significant component of methodology, a systematic analysis of expressions which are understood as metaphors. Descriptions of particular events, recorded in the field research diary, enable an understanding of some linkages of conceptual structures and also depicting of the...
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A comparison of selected anthropological theories in view of their pragmatic value
Hájek, Daniel ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Jakoubek, Marek (referee)
The study deals with the problem of applicability of two anthropological theories, structural functionalism and interpretive anthropology of Clifford Geertz. By applicability is meant what concrete difference using of one or the other theory brings about in ethnography. Each of the theories is at first thoroughly examined with emphasis on its possible aims, assumptions, and consequences for an ethnographer. Then each theory is put to test in examination of one particular ethnography associated with the theory. Evans-Pritchard's The Nuer serves as an instance of structural functionalism. Clifford Geertz's Negara as an example of interpretative analysis. Structural functionalism is shown to provide an ethnographer with a much more definite guidance which contributes to better possibilities of verification and comparability of the results than interpretive anthropology. Apart from the main subject, the study is concerned with more general questions, especially related to non-existence of a paradigm in anthropology and some of its causes.
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Inter-cultural historical anthropology
Náhlovský, Michal ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Korecká, Zuzana (referee)
Historical anthropology is a relatively young science discipline. On many projects in the framework of theoretical tasks so far. This work is a bunch of strangers to focus on inter-cultural comparison in the context of historical anthropology. This work will be conducted following the line of the official sources of the history. Rather than the actor himself, will be viewed for what could, in theory, the player or what was his academic freedom. By comparing the two locally so different areas, such as the Czech lands, and Beninese imperium, has a bunch of strangers try to show a comparison as possible in varying degree. The work aims to compare the rights and that mountain obligation the lowest classes of the two States. It has to happen, implanted in the reality of time known as the early modern period in Europe. The work will be based mainly on the strands of legal provenance. Work gives the objective comparison of these facts, without any claims to their binding evaluation.
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Andean Spanish as a product of contact with Quechua and Aymara
Rataj, Vlastimil ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Vrhel, František (referee) ; Zajícová, Lenka (referee)
Andská španělština jako produkt kontaktu s kečuánštinou a ajmarštinou Andean Spanish as a product of contact with Quechua and Aymara Disertační práce Vedoucí práce: Vlastimil Rataj 2014 prof. PhDr. Bohumil Zavadil, CSc. Abstrakt Andská španělština je varianta španělštiny používané v andských oblastech od jižní Kolumbie po severozápadní Argentinu a vznikla jako produkt kontaktu s místními indiánskými jazyky, kečuánštinou a ajmarštinou. V této práci, na základě kvalitativního zpracování části korpusu získaného při terénním výzkumu v jižním Peru (Cuzco), analyzuji některé typické rysy místní andské španělštiny, srovnávám je s kečuánštinou a snažím se prokázat, zda se jedná o transferenci z kečuánštiny. V úvodních částech je přehled klasifikace americké španělštiny v andských zemích, základní informace o místních indiánských jazycích a popis kečuánské gramatiky srovnávaný se španělštinou. V závěru práce je přehled studovaných jevů. Klíčová slova: andská španělština, španělština, kečuánština, jazykový kontakt, Cuzco, Peru Abstract Andean Spanish is a variety of Spanish used in Andean region from south Colombia to south-west Argentina, and it emerged as a product of contact with local Amerindian languages, Quechua and Aymara. In this thesis, based on a qualitative analysis of a part of a corpus obtained during a...
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Location and literature - a castle of Vrchotovy Janovice. Literary-antropological study with evaluation of prerious interpretations
Bažant, Andrej ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Tomandl, Miloš (referee)
The subject of this study is a small castle ofVrchotovy Janovice and its last owner, baroness Sidonie Nadherna. Originally a medieval fortress, during 18th and 19th century it was turned into a romantic chateau surrounded by an impressive landscape park. The last owner of the castle, baroness Sidonie Nadherna (1885 - 1950), a highly educated and independent woman, became a close friend of the two outstanding figures of Central European culture, poet Rainer Maria Rilke and essayist and critic Karl Kraus. Both were visiting the castle and for both it became an inspiration in their writing. During the WWII, the castle served as the headquarters of SS-troops and after a short period of attempts to recover it, Sidonie Nadherna left to exile in England in 1949. Throughout following years, castle and park were subject to gradual devastation, its owner being almost forgotten. Fortunately, in late 1950's, it became a property of National Museum. In the early 1960's letters to Sidonie from both Rilke and Kraus were published and became an important resource for studies of their lives. Especially by Karl Kraus, the publishing of the letters revealed many yet unknown aspects of his personality and writing. For him, the relation to Sidonie Nadherna and his stays in park of Janovice, were the very impulse to create his...
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Fragments of encounters among tourists, Indians and anthropologists in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico
Redlová, Pavla ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Halbich, Marek (referee)
"[U]n punto en el mapa es tambien un lugar en la historia" (Rodriguez Cuevas, 2003). V San Crist6balu se jedna minimalne 0 dYe historie Uednu, konstruovanou praktikami a vedomim turistu, respektive zapadni spoleenostr, a druhou temi lokalnimi), nebot' predstavuje jedno z dynamickych svetoyYch jevist" multikulturniho setkavani. Aktualni trend vzrustajici socialni a kulturni rozmanitosti predstavuje novy prvek, spojujici z6nu s pomerne konfliktnimi etnickymi vztahy s cizimi, stereotypnimi, predstavami 0 danem regi6nu. Fragmenty tamnich turistickych dramat i antropologickych interpretaci jsem vepsala do predchozich stranek. Umele jsem oddelovala zprostredkovany a osobni kontakt. V tom prvnim jsem se soustredila na reprezentace indianu, nebot' specificka pojmenovani a myslenky s nimi spojene ovlivnuji socialni jednani. V druhem pripade jsem pozorovala prubehy kontaktU a vyvozovala z nich souvisejici sociokulturni fenomeny. Nyni je rada na shrnuti hlavnich poznatku z vyzkumu, na zohledneni sirsiho kontextu a na naertnuti otazek pro budouci studium. Rozbor pruvodce po Mexiku z nakladatelstvi Lonely planet ukazal na paralelni existenci rady, treba i protikladnych, diskurzu 0 indianech. Ctenarum predklada mozaiku hodnoceni a obrazu, v pripade indianskeho obyvatelstva San Crist6balu zejmena idealisticke zapadni...
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The actual version of the spiritual sexuality (SkiDancing Tantra)
Horvát, Kalman ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Korecká, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis presents the spiritual sexuality as one of many levels of multidimensional sexuality. The author advocates the view of the evolutional biologists who suppose that a biological, economical, social, psychological as well as spiritual level of sexuality is influenced by genetic programs into a certain extent. (Theory of The Red Queen and theory of the Frozen Evolution). There is a special focus concerning the spiritual dimension of sexuality. According to the tradition of tantra and taoism sexuality on this level is transformed into the meditative experience. The content of the above-mentioned traditions is presented in the terminology of western psychology, psychotherapy and medicine. The actual version of the spiritual sexuality - SkyDancing Tantra is submitted by the author in the form of a shared personal experience from the training of tantra.
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Nenets - tradition and modernity
Kvíčala, Petr ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
As an introduction to this problem we provide a brief survey to the history and different ways of dealing with the problems of native people in the Tsar era and during the Soviet period, too. Next part of this work describes traditional lifestyle of the Nenets people during all four seasons of the year. Described is material and also spiritual culture. Consequent part IS dedicated to the legislative branch of the state government on the relationship with the native people. This part describe several important acts with the most significant influence for the life of this nations. We focused into the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region to describe local laws and programs for the development of these nations in this concrete local level. The most significant examples for demonstration of the situation and development base we have choosen "Concept of the advancement of the native people." and the programm "Culture, language and traditional style of life of native people of North for the period 2003-2007". The final part describes relations, influences and interests amidst various authorities, organizations, diverse groups and individuals in this sphere. First of all we need to mentioned about government authorities on the federal level and government board on the local level. Then organizations of native people...
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Possibilities for maintaining the Cultural Identity of the Nahuas from the Northeastern Mountains of the Puebla State: The Case of the Organization Union de Cooperativas Tosepan Titatiniske
Bernkopfová, Michala ; Křížová, Markéta (advisor) ; Barteček, Ivo (referee) ; Vrhel, František (referee)
This work deals with the issues of cultural identity of ethnic groups in the modern Mexican society, explores its characteristics and essence and searches for possibilities of its maintenance. The central question is, which way indigenous groups can develop their culture freely in the modern Mexican society, and so keep their own peculiarity and identity. The main instrument is a case study of Nahua communities occupying the territory of the Northeastern mountain range of the Mexican state of Puebla, which is in the sphere of influence of the organization called Unión de Cooperativas Tosepan Titataniske, seeking to improve the standard of living and strengthen the cultural identity of the villagers in the region. An ethno-historical study of the Nahua communities living in the particular region, completed with an analysis of the contemporary inhabitants' cultural identity based on a field research, shows that indigenous cultures can keep their identity in spite of significant external interference into their traditional way of life in the course of centuries and that the continuity of their identity is not dependent on maintaining concrete, time conditioned cultural manifestations. On the contrary, important factors for keeping cultural identity are the functional continuity of a given group and...
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