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Forming and development of non-stem declension typepíseň (song)
Vajdlová, Miloslava ; Dittmann, Robert (advisor) ; Pleskalová, Jana (referee) ; Komárek, Karel (referee)
The present work deals with the process of forming a new, non-stem declension type píseň (song) in historical Czech and with its formation and further development from the Old Czech period over the humanist and baroque time, the period of the national revival and the post- revival era up to the beginning of the 20th century. It dwells on determination of causes of the origins of this declension type, the time when the new declension constitutes approximately, on the characterization of the subsequent development of the new declension type and its division into periods. It also determines factors influencing the declension stability or instability of names affected by the process of forming the new type. The thesis also includes description and analysis of long-term historical development of individual groups of nouns, which are involved in the formation of the new declension type. Last but not least, it submits an overview whether and how selected historical period grammars and grammar handbooks (from the humanist and baroque period) reflect the new declension type.
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The Electronic Dictionary of Old Czech in the Context of Slavonic Studies
Vajdlová, Miloslava
The Electronic Dictionary of Old Czech (ESSČ, http://vokabular.ujc.cas.cz) is focused on Czech vocabulary from its first records to the end of the 15th century. ESSČ deals with the part of the alphabet processed in the incomplete Old Czech Dictionary (na–při, Praha 1968–2008), providing entries of the alphabetical extent A–M and přib- – Ž. ESSČ lacks a unifying editing work, being an authorial dictionary in which exemplifications of particular meanings of lexical units are also missing. The dictionary mainly focuses on appellatives. Due to the descriptive method, residing in the reconstruction of the entire semantic structure of lexical units emphasizing their inner semantic development, ESSČ represents a relevant source of use in the field of Czech or Slavonic studies and in etymology.
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On the semantic shift 'blow' – 'needless or frivolous talk'
Nejedlý, Petr ; Vajdlová, Miloslava
There is a marginal part of (Old) Czech lexis, the root *klas- family (cf. klás /n/ 'ludibrium; iocus'), so far unrecorded in Czech etymological lexicons. The article considers various Slavic as well as non-Slavic possibilities of the family’s origin and outlines formal and content contexts of this onomatopoeically motivated family on the background of some Old Church Slavic lexical units and on the basis of the principle of elementary relationship.
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Publicly accessible electronic resources to the study of the historical Czech in The Department of Language Development of The Institute of the Czech Language AS CR, v. v. i
Černá, Alena M. ; Lehečka, Boris ; Nejedlý, Petr ; Šimek, Štěpán ; Vajdlová, Miloslava
The article introduces two internet sources designated to the study of Older Czech language (13th to 18th centuries); both have been designed and run by The Department of Language Development at The Institute of the Czech Language at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The first source, Vokabulář webový [Web Vocabulary] (http://vokabular.ujc.cas.cz), makes texts, images and audio materials available to the study of Older Czech language. The accessible materials are, primarily, both modern and historical dictionaries, amongst which the most salient is the, gradually growing, Elektronický slovník staré češtiny [Electronic Old-Czech Vocabulary] that treats Old-Czech lexicon from the dawn of Czech language to the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, Vokabulář includes electronic editions of the works originating in the period from the 13th century to the beginning of the 19th century, presented both as continuous texts and in the corpus version; digitalized copies of Older-Czech grammar books; basic scientific literature; audiobooks of Older-Czech texts; and software tools utilized for the work with historical texts. The second source is Lexikální databáze hu-manistické a barokní češtiny [Lexical Database of Humanistic and Baroque Czech] (http://madla.ujc.cas.cz). It records the Czech vocabulary of the 16th to 18th centuries based on the excerption of the authentic contemporary texts (both old prints and manuscripts): Lexical database illustrates the Czech vocabulary with direct quotations, including stating the source. Thus, Lexical Database partly substitutes the missing Czech vocabulary of the mentioned period.
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On the formation of the non-stem declension type píseň (focusing primarily on Old- and Middle-Czech periods)
Vajdlová, Miloslava
The new non-stem declension type píseň (earlier also dlaň, obec, etc.) has been established in the course of the Old-Czech period on the basis of three feminine groups: 1/ the i-stems ending with -sn, -zn, -z+C+n or -V+n (e.g. Old-Czech básn, piesn; bázn, kázn; prázdn; dan, dlan, sien, etc.); 2/ ja-stems with alternative nom./acc. ending with -ě/0 (Old-Czech ojě/oj, púščě/púšč, tvrzě/tvrz, etc.); 3/ ū-stems (Old-Czech břěskev, cierkev, húžev, etc.). The impact of the formal proximity of the ja- and i-stem nouns equal in gender (feminine), zero ending of nom. sg. and a number of identical case forms, has caused a new paradigm has been created gradually comprising endings of the ja-stem feminine declension and the i-stem feminine forms; following the change of ě > e, the ū-stems merge into these feminine nouns. Therefore, the new declension type can be considered as established towards 1500. Later, the type píseň has joined a number of i- and jo-stem masculine nouns (Old-Czech san, křěč, krádež, faleš, etc.) and some individual feminine nouns. The formation of the declension type píseň has been an age-long process and the transition of some nouns to it has been very slow. The key role in the process of transition has played the consonantal ending of nouns – the declension type píseň has formed, or gradually joined nouns ending with nasals, palato-alveolar fricatives, and labials above all.
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Some more remarks on the opposition of the prefixes s-, z-, vz- in Old and Middle Czech – appropriate action expression by prefix vz-
Vajdlová, Miloslava
Given some examples of old- and middle-Czech lexical units – such as vzdáti, vzvésti, vzvod etc. – with the common meaning “completion of an activity in a desirable way” the author points out the capacity of the earlier stages of language evolution to express a desirable and appropriate action by means of the prefix vz- which thus comes into the opposition with the prefix s- meaning “diverge from the appropriate direction”. Throughout the following development this meaning of the prefix vz-, closely related to medieval ways of thinking, becomes still less transparent and some of its derivatives take on other forms and meanings (cf. vzvod – převod, vzchovati – vychovati, odchovati).
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Orthographic Particularities of the Holograph Record of Cesta z Čech do Jeruzaléma a Egypta by Martin Kabátník
Vajdlová, Miloslava
Cesta z Čech do Jeruzaléma a Egypta r. 1491–1492 by Martin Kabátník along with Deník panoše Jaroslava is the oldest original book of travels written in Czech. Its original record, the handwriting saved with a signature O 35 in Prague’s Castle Archive, is written in early digraphic orthography; partially, the scrivener uses also diacritical marks and tries to establish marking of soft/unmarked consonants. Quantity is marked only in case of terminal e. The same phenomenona as well as words are written differently – during his record, the scrivener works very unsystematically. On the whole, the handwriting is an unrepresentative record of the dictated text intended more for remark than for another spreading of the written information.
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