|
|
Participation of the local press on the development and promotion of solidarity with the municipality
Vojíková Vítková, Martina ; Štoll, Martin (advisor) ; Köpplová, Barbara (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the local press on the creation of local identity, on the example of the monthly magazine of the City District Prague 17. In particular, the thesis examines how and specifically by what the magazine called Řepská 17 supports the solidarity of citizens, readers of this monthly newspaper, with the City District Prague 17 Řepy. The thesis analyzes the content of the Řepská 17 magazine during ten year period from April 2007 to December 2017. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative, it deals with the scope and content of individual sections and examines whether the articles highlight the positives of life in Řepy. One part of the thesis is also the processing of a questionnaire survey which took place among the citizens of Řepy, who are the readers of the Řepská 17 magazine, too. The questionnaire describes the media behavior of readers and their opinions on the magazine.The aim of both the content analysis and the questionnaire survey is to figure out whether the magazine strengthens the knowledge of belonging its readers to the City District Prague 17 and whether it participates in development of a positive relationship of the readers to the place where they live.
|
|
| |
|
|
The biological activity of the selected drugs of traditional chinese medicine
Vítková, Martina ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Martina Vítková Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The biological activity of the selected drugs of traditional Chinese medicine The subject of this diploma thesis was to prepare aqueous extracts of five selected drugs from traditional Chinese medicine and deal with their biological effects. Namely it was Magnoliae officinalis cortex, Houttuyniae herba, Paeoniae radix alba, Psoraleae fructus and Typhae pollen. These drugs have a high potential for use in our medicine due to their beneficial effects on the human organism. The theoretical part contains a description of individual drugs and their therapeutic effects. Also there are described methods of toxicity testing. The experimental part describes the course of the acute toxicity test of used drugs on the model organism Artemia salina. LC50 was used as the endpoint. Testing with Artemia salina showed low toxicity of the tested drugs. For Magnoliae officinalis cortex the LC50 was found to be 0,6613 mg/ml, Psoraleae fructus 1,777mg/ml, Houttuyniae herba 4,079 mg/ml and Typhae pollen 4,34 mg/ml. No toxicity was detected for Paeoniae radix alba even at the highest measured concentration which was 15...
|
|
|
Leaching from slags and fly ashes from nickel metalurgy (Niquelandia and Barro Alto, Brasil)
Kvapil, Jindřich ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
Slag and fly ash originating from processing lateritic Ni-ore in the districts of Niquelândia and Barro Alto in Brazil are enriched with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Higher contents of Ni and Co were observed in case of the fly ash (25 g/kg and 462 mg/kg, respectively), whereas higher concentration of Cr was observed in the slag (7, 58 g/kg). Mineralogical investigations indicate that slag mainly consists of olivine, pyroxene and glassy matrix. High content of glass corresponds to the product of quenching of slag melt in water basins during granulation. In contrast, the fly ash was mineralogically more complex with olivine, pyroxene, glassy phase and partly dehydrated serpentine phase, spinel, SiO2 and the furnace feed residues. Contaminant leaching was highly pH-dependent with the highest releases of PTEs from the fly ash at pH 3: up to 5, 42 g/kg Ni, 112 mg/kg Co and 4, 3 mg/kg Zn. Slag was significantly more stabile; only 47,9 mg/kg Ni was released at pH 3, but compared to the fly ash higher release of Cr was reported (up to 25.6 mg/kg). Towards alkaline conditions, the leachability of PTEs significantly decreases. Based on physic-chemical parameters of leachates, theoretical speciation of elements and saturation indices for selected solubility-controlling phases were calculated by...
|
|
|
Bioavailability of arsenic in the mine waste in Kaňk near Kutná Hora
Raus, Karel ; Drahota, Petr (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
Summary: Arsenic relative bioavailability (RBA) in mine wastes is always lower than 100%. Total concentration of As at Kaňk varied between 87 and 15500 mg.kg-1 in collected samples of road dust, urban soil and mine waste, however the bioaccessible amount of arsenic obtained with SRBC-G method was much lower (6-795 mg.kg-1 ). Crucial factors influencing arsenic bioaccessibility are pH value and solubility of mineral phases which are stable under given conditions of the sample. Although the highest total As concentrations were found in the mine wastes (9250-15500 mg.kg-1 ), these samples displayed the lowest As bioaccessibilities (5,1 ± 1,3%). This is probably due to the prevalence of poorly soluble Fe- arsenates and As-sulfides in the low-pH mine wastes. In the near-neutral samples of road dust and urban soil the As bioaccessibility showed slightly higher values (7,5 ± 2,6%; 8,2 ± 2,6% respectively). From the chemistry and mineralogy of the samples it is possible to recognize the mine wastes as the main source of As contamination in soil and road dust at the Kaňk village. The bioaccessibility of arsenic and other pollutants from the specific site provides more accurate data for the health risk assessment, although the valid in vivo/in vitro comparison doesn't seem to be revealed.
|
|
|
Environmental characteristics of mineral waste from metallurgy
Vítková, Martina ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Bollinger, Jean-Claude (referee) ; Dijkstra, Joris J (referee)
Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of metallurgical wastes from the Cu-Co smelters situated in the Zambian Copperbelt have been investigated. A number of instrumental analytical methods (XRD, SEM/EDS, EPMA, TEM/EDS) has been used to identify primary and secondary phases in smelter slags and dusts. A set of leaching experiments (CEN/TS 14997 pH-static test, EN 12457 batch test) in combination with geochemical modelling has been performed, with the emphasis on the leaching behaviour of potential contaminants and their release as a function of the pH. The effect of sample preparation on metal leachability from slag was also evaluated, considering the grain size reduction required by the standardised leaching protocols. Environmental and health risk assessments of the dust samples have been performed. It was shown that the main carriers of metals in the studied slags were Cu sulphides (bornite, digenite, chalcocite), Co sulphides (cobaltpentlandite), Co-bearing intermetallic phases and alloys. Copper and cobalt were detected in major silicates and spinels, substituting for Fe or Mg in their structures, and in glass. The presence of secondary metal-bearing phases observed on the slag surfaces indicated the reactivity of the slags on contact with water/atmosphere. It was reported that in...
|
|
|
Stability of amorphous Mn oxide-based sorbent as a function of pH
Tomášová, Zdeňka ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
Soil systems contaminated by toxic metals and metalloids from anthropogenic sources present hazard for human health and other environmental compartments. Chemical stabilization using the Fe, Al and Mn oxides is one of the potential decontamination techniques. Manganese oxides exhibit a number of properties for being efficient sorbents of toxic metals, such as low point of zero charge, structure that allows ion acceptance and large specific surface. The focus of this thesis is to determine the stability of novel synthetic amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) as a function of pH using the pH-static leaching test. Manganese was released into the solution, with decreasing concentration in leachate as a function of pH: Mn concentration at pH 3 was 34 100 mg/L and at pH 8 only 90 mg/L. The data show that the solid phase mass loss is clearly dependent on the pH value, with the mass loss of 98,4 % and 11,2 % at pH 3 and 8, respectively. On the AMO surfaces, the newly formed crystals of rodochrosite (MnCO3) were observed; they partly control the Mn release at pH > 5. Based on the observed pH-dependent stability, it appears that the use of AMO as a sorbent of toxic metals could be a suitable method for neutral or alkaline soils, while its application for acidic soils seems to be unsuitable. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Solid speciation of metals in tropical soils highly polluted by copper metallurgy
Kovářová, Lucie ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
Six soil samples corresponding to selected horizons (both topsoil and subsurface layers) from the forested and unforested soil profiles located in the vicinity of Mufulira Cu-Co smelter in the Copperbelt Province (Zambia) were investigated, in order to describe binding of main metal contaminants (Cu, Co, Pb, Zn) to soil constituents with a special emphasis on solid phase speciation. Sequential extraction procedure (SEP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersion spectrometry (SEM/EDS) were used in this study. The highest bulk concentrations were found in soil samples from grassland areas located 3.6 and 8 kilometers from the smelter (Cu: 12 600 mg/kg, Co: 42.4 mg/kg, Pb: 40.6 mg/kg, Zn: 65.2 mg/kg). Copper was found to be the most mobile contaminant, also present in elevated concentrations in the subsurface soil layers of highly contaminated profiles, with substantial amount bound in the exchangable chemical fraction (19.3-25 mg/kg, 21-30 % of bulk Cu concentration). Besides the presence of lithogenic minerals, anthropogenic phases originating from mining and smelting activities were also observed in the heavy mineral soil fraction. These anthropogenic particles enriched in Cu or Co were identified by SEM/EDS as Cu-(Fe) oxides or sulphides of variable...
|
|
|
Utilization of pesticides in the environment
Hamršmíd, Filip ; Jakl, Michal (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
This thesis deals with the effects of triazole fungicides on plant growth and development and accessibility of nutrients from the soil, using case studies with the active substance penconazole (Penk).
For this work, it were established several objectives, which should create a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of Penk, triazole fungicide, on plants and soil. As the objectives of the work were determined as followings: find out (I) which affects the addition of Penk has to grow edible tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yields and whether it has an effect on photosynthesis, (II) evaluate the effect of the addition of Penk to accessibility of nutrients in three different soil types, in fluvisols, modal cambisols and modal chernozem, during the incubation, and (III) to analyze the effect of different doses of Penk to changes in nutrient uptake examined soils.
Vegetation experiment (I) showed differences in the growth of the biomass tomato depending on the concentration of added Penk. In all soils were decreased nutrient intakes in proportion to the dose of Penk. When applying the higher dose of Penk modal chernozem had decreased nutrient intake over the control sample about half. Addition of lower and higher dose of Penk decreased yields of plants grown on the substrate fluvisols approximately by one third. It has been shown that the addition of Penk adversely affects the content of chlorophyll a and b, but has no significant effect on chlorophyll c. In the soil incubation experiment (II) it was found that in the range of 8 weeks Penk addition affects the accessibility of certain nutrients (micro- and macro-elements) of the soil for the plants, in all monitored soil types. However, it was also shown that after the fourth week of incubation the degradation with consequent increase in the proportion of acceptable nutrients was observed. This proves that Penk is not persistent in soils and its use is very likely safe in the long term. In the sorption of a short term experiment (III), it was observed from the viewpoint of physicochemical interactions estimate changes in nutrient uptake in selected soil improvers based Penk. This thesis showed that Penk has an impact on the accessibility of certain nutrients in the short term. The most significant effect was observed for the iron when its accessibility steeply decreased with increasing addition of Penk.
This thesis is trying to assess the behavior of Penk in the environment. They have demonstrated its effects on plant growth and development and the content elements in the above-ground parts and roots of Solanum lycopersicum L. and accessibility of nutrients from the soil in the short and long term.
|
|
|
Evaluation of running in floorball category U10
Vítková, Martina ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Červinka, Pavel (referee)
Thema works: Evaluation of running in floorball category U10 Student: Bc. Martina Vítková Supervisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, Ph.D. Aims: Monitoring the running technique of school age children, who plays floorball and improve their technique in a short-time program. Methodology: In this thesis I evaluated the running technique of the selected group of children playing floorball in TJ Tatran Stresovice in order to identify different running techniques. To assist this evaluation I used photographs focussing on certain areas of the body (see Results section). Results: From the front view the feet are most commontly found in the feet out position, with the most common arm movement being across the front of the body. From the side view most commontly seen is arm movement from the shoulder joint, upright posture, running on the toes. The tests showed that the children's running technique is not established as the second test showed different mistakes to those occurring in the first test. Key words: the running technique, physical literacy, floorball and deviation from the running technique.
|
guest ::
RSS feed.