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Quantitative Analysis of Gene Ancestry in Euglenoidea
Soukal, Petr ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Burki, Fabien (referee) ; Horák, Aleš (referee)
Genes, units of genetic information, are passed from one individual to another, typically within the same species from parents to offspring. Occasionally, genes can be transferred to different species through a process called horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Endosymbiosis is a process in which one organism engulfs another organism and the genes flow between the two symbionts in a process called endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), which is a subtype of HGT. Eventually, the endosymbiont may become an organelle such as a mitochondrion or a plastid. Euglenids (Euglenoidea) are unicellular eukaryotes with diverse modes of nutrition - phagotro- phy (e. g., Peranema), osmotrophy (e. g., Rhabdomonas), mixotrophy (phagotrophy and phototrophy in Rapaza), and phototrophy (possessing plastids; e. g., Eutreptiella). The history of endosymbioses of green algae (especially Chlorophyta) and ancestors of Euglenophyceae (including Rapaza) is complex. In my thesis, I performed the quantitative analysis of gene ancestry (QAGA) based on transcripto- mic data of Euglena gracilis showing contribution of closely related Kinetoplastea (1,420 genes, 3.88 % of transcripts inherited vertically), and contribution of multiple "unrelated" (mainly) phototrophic organisms, e. g. Viridiplantae (572, 1.57 %), or Haptophyta (234, 0.64...
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Transfer of genetic information between parasite and its host
Soukal, Petr ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered a rare evolutionary event. It can take place between unrelated organisms that coexist in an intimate symbiotic relationship. Such relationship have some parasites with its host. HGT between eukaryotic parasite and its host was identified in some holoparazitic and hemiparazitic plants, the most important human protozoan parasites, microsporidias, human blood-flukes, parasitoids and fruit flies.
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Search for the remnant of plastid in the cell of Rhabdomonas sp.
Soukal, Petr ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Oborník, Miroslav (referee)
Phylum Euglenozoa contsists of four groups - Euglenoidea, Kinetoplastea, Symbiontida and Diplonemea. Phototrophic euglenids, which constitute a clade, possess green plastid acquired via secondary endosymbiosis from green alga related to recent genus Pyramimonas. According to generally accepted plastid-late hypothesis, the endo- symbiosis took place after split between phototrophic euglenids and all other euglenozo- ans. Endosymbiotic event is always associated with gene transfer from endosymbiont to nuclei of host. Even if the endosymbiont is completely lost we should be able to observe enrichment of the host genome with the genes derived from endosymbiont. Some recent phylogenetic analyses uncovered genes related to green algae in trypanosomas (Kineto- plastea: Trypanosomatida). Based on this observation, authors postulated a hypothesis that the plastid was present already in common ancestor of kinetoplastids and euglenids and was lost in kinetoplastids and some euglenids including osmotrophic Rhabdomonas costata. During analysis of transcriptome of R. costata we found 63 genes, which could originated from green (24 genes) or other (49 genes) algae. In phylogenetic trees only one was robustly related to green and four were robustly related to other algae. Since the number of genes related to...
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Transfer of genetic information between parasite and its host
Soukal, Petr ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered a rare evolutionary event. It can take place between unrelated organisms that coexist in an intimate symbiotic relationship. Such relationship have some parasites with its host. HGT between eukaryotic parasite and its host was identified in some holoparazitic and hemiparazitic plants, the most important human protozoan parasites, microsporidias, human blood-flukes, parasitoids and fruit flies.
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Security Control and Remediation Activities in Enterprise Environment
Zápotočný, Matej ; Šoukal, Petr (referee) ; Sedlák, Petr (advisor)
Cílem této práce bylo popsat řízení bezpečnosti a kontrolní mechanizmy, které jsou používané v korporátním prostředí. Práce se zabývá teoretickým popisem standardů používaných pro aplikační bezpečnost, dále popisuje nástroje určené pro získavání informací o firemním prostředí, které mohou být použity pro odhalovaní bezpečnostních zranitelností, nebo pro jejich odstranění. Také popisuje procesy, kterými se mají společnosti řídit, aby byla minimalizována možnost dopadu na produkci a rovněž zaručena trvalá bezpečnost prostředí. Uvedené jsou i kontroly dosažených výsledků při použití nových technologií a jejich finanční i časové výhody.
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