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Biomass boiler in gas heating plant
Červeňak, Dušan ; Skála, Vladimír (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis describes the design of boilers for wood chips in a gas boiler house. Consisting of boiler house design from concept design suitable heat source to design components necessary for the proper functionality of the boiler house. Part of thesis is compilation of a functional diagram and design of possible solutions.
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Investment Proposal Evaluation in LISI AUTOMOTIVE FORM, A. S.
Lačňáková, Adéla ; Skála, Vladimír (referee) ; Zinecker, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis is focused on the evaluation of economic efficiency of an investment project in a manufacturing company. As a major part of the thesis some options for the purchase of the particular machine were determined and the calculation of economic efficiency of these investment projects was processed. In conclusion, there is an assumption that the human work will not be necessary anymore and the productivity of labour will increase with the investment in the machine.
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Diversity of methods used for characterization of molluscan hemocytes
Jindrová, Zuzana ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Skála, Vladimír (referee)
Hemocytes are the main immune cells of invertebrates; therefore they can be found in molluscs, too. They differ both in morphology and function. The two generally accep- ted morphological types, granulocytes and hyalinocytes, vary in the level of phagocy- tosis and encapsulation, production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide, and presence of some enzymes. There is an array of methods by means of which hemocy- tes can be characterized. Microscopy serves particularly for study of morphology. An- tigens localized on the surface can be determined by monoclonal antibodies or lectin probes. Hemocytes can be divided on the basis of cell size and granularity using gra- dient centrifugation or flow cytometry. Production of nitrogen oxide and reactive oxy- gen species is monitored by adding appropriate substrate which changes its proper- ties after reaction with the radical. It may become fluorescent, change absorbance of the solution or form a visible precipitate. Another possibility is the use of chemilu- miniscence. The objective of hemocyte research is to explain mollusc-pathogen inter- action. 1
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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Influence of bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti on haemocyte activity of lymnaeid snails
Skála, Vladimír
Gastropod molluscs are naturally exposed to various pathogens such as bacteria, or multicellular parasites that include digenetic trematodes (digeneans) which develop in snails. To combat these pathogens gastropods have evolved a sophisticated internal defence system that is composed of humoral and cellular arms. Lectins are probably the most important humoral components, whereas haemocytes represent the main effector cells. Immunity is one of the important factors determining compatibility/non-compatibility of gastropods and pathogens (particularly snails and trematodes). The introductory part of this thesis includes a review of literature focused on the components of the gastropod immune system and their reactions against pathogens represented by bacteria and digeneans. Additionally, selected immunomodulations caused by compatible digenean species are reviewed. Experimental work (presented in publications) focused mainly on the influence of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti on haemocyte activities of two lymnaeid snail species, Radix lagotis and Lymnaea stagnalis that are susceptible or refractory to the parasite, respectively. This schistosome parasite causes neuromotor disorders in specific definitive hosts (waterfowl), but it also causes cercarial dermatitis in accidental hosts...
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Influence of bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti on haemocyte activity of lymnaeid snails
Skála, Vladimír
Gastropod molluscs are naturally exposed to various pathogens such as bacteria, or multicellular parasites that include digenetic trematodes (digeneans) which develop in snails. To combat these pathogens gastropods have evolved a sophisticated internal defence system that is composed of humoral and cellular arms. Lectins are probably the most important humoral components, whereas haemocytes represent the main effector cells. Immunity is one of the important factors determining compatibility/non-compatibility of gastropods and pathogens (particularly snails and trematodes). The introductory part of this thesis includes a review of literature focused on the components of the gastropod immune system and their reactions against pathogens represented by bacteria and digeneans. Additionally, selected immunomodulations caused by compatible digenean species are reviewed. Experimental work (presented in publications) focused mainly on the influence of the bird schistosome Trichobilharzia regenti on haemocyte activities of two lymnaeid snail species, Radix lagotis and Lymnaea stagnalis that are susceptible or refractory to the parasite, respectively. This schistosome parasite causes neuromotor disorders in specific definitive hosts (waterfowl), but it also causes cercarial dermatitis in accidental hosts...
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Production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility of snails and trematodes
Cibulková, Lucie ; Skála, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nývltová, Eva (referee)
Almost all trematodes use snails as the intermediate host in their life cycles. To survive within the host, they have to efficiently avoid defense reactions of its immune system. The most important effector cells, haemocytes, produce reactive oxygen species with the first molecule known as superoxide radical. Various snail species produce different levels of these radicals in relation to the compatibility with the invasive trematode species. The parasite decreases the levels of toxic radicals by using antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase which catalyzes transformation of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide. This dismutation reaction is the first step during the oxidative burst and likely influences survival of trematodes within the host. Based on the current knowledge the production and elimination of superoxide radical in relation to the compatibility between snails and trematodes have been described thoroughly for a few models such as for example Biomphalaria glabrata-Schistosoma mansoni. However, this interaction appears to play a key role and, therefore, it deserves more attention in another models as well. Key words: trematodes, snails, compatibility, haemocytes, oxidative burst, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, superoxide radical
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Investment Proposal Evaluation in LISI AUTOMOTIVE FORM, A. S.
Lačňáková, Adéla ; Skála, Vladimír (referee) ; Zinecker, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis is focused on the evaluation of economic efficiency of an investment project in a manufacturing company. As a major part of the thesis some options for the purchase of the particular machine were determined and the calculation of economic efficiency of these investment projects was processed. In conclusion, there is an assumption that the human work will not be necessary anymore and the productivity of labour will increase with the investment in the machine.
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Intermediate host specificity of trematode miracidia
Náhunková, Lucie ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Skála, Vladimír (referee)
6 Abstract Trematodes belong to a group of parasitic invertebrate animals of the phylum Platyhelminthes. They have a complicated life cycle. Members of Trematoda have the first larval stage - miracidium. Its primary goal is to find a compatible intermediate host - a mollusc - by use of sensory organs which can respond to various chemical and physical stimuli. Certain signals invoke specific behavior in the outer environment and then miracidium move by taxis or kinesis. They first respond to environmental signals such as light, dark and gravity. The other stimuli are temperature or magnetic force. Then the miracidium locates its host by recognition of highly specific chemical molecules produced by snails. These compounds belong to a group of glycoproteins which are called "miracidia attracting glycoproteins "(MAGs). When the attractant (MAGs) is present, we often observe rate of change of direction"(RCD) and if the concentration of glycoproteins is dropping, then we can observe "turnback swimming" of miracidia. Miracidium has different species specifity towards intermediate host and sometimes species specifity depends on geographic distribution of particular snail hosts of trematodes. Chemoorientation, specificity and behavior of miracidia are very important for trematode development. When the flukes find...
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