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Other central administrative authorities
Seidel, Antonín ; Rajchl, Jiří (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
Other central administrative authorities Abstract The Diploma thesis focuses on some administrative authorities of the Czech Republic which do not have a superior administrative body, and which are not led by a member of the government as in the case of ministries. These authorities are defined by the Act on the competence of central authorities as "other central administrative authorities". In the introduction to the thesis, these bodies are defined in more detail and the establishment of some of them is linked to the requirement for the independent exercise of their functions. This is followed by a chapter focusing on their history from the proclamation of an independent Czechoslovakia, covering the period after the communist takeover in 1948 to the present day. The thesis than focuses on the sources of the aforementioned requirement for independent functioning and, in this context, also on the international overview of the existence of these bodies and, above all, on the consistency of their status with the constitutional framework of the Czech Republic and with the principle of democracy in general. Some of these bodies are deliberately excluded from being bound to the government decisions, and their position "outside the hierarchical structure of public administration" creates a separation of powers...
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CRISIS OF PARTY SYSTEMS AND CARETAKER GOVERMENTS: Czech Republic and Italy
Seidel, Antonín ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
Since 1990s of the twentieth century to the present, the so called caretaker governments have served as a political crisis solution in the Czech Republic as well as in Italy. Caretaker government is an institute of temporary cabinets with a non-partisan prime minister. Other members of this type of government are usually non-partisan as well (but not necessarily all of them). This is the main feature that distinguishes the caretaker government from the traditional government led by political parties. The thesis aims to identify common points and circumstances leading to the establishment of caretaker governments on the example of two relatively close parliamentary republics from the institutional design's point of view. It focuses mainly on the status of political parties as it is their failure that leads to the fall of the previous cabinet and to the situation when it is impossible to form a parliamentary majority in order to establish new government led by political parties. Special attention is also paid to a role of the president of the republic. Face to face with weakened political parties, he executes his powers in a more autonomous way in accordance with a presidential accordion theory described by Mauro Tebaldi, especially his powers to appoint the prime minister which fundamentally works...
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CRISIS OF PARTY SYSTEMS AND CARETAKER GOVERMENTS: Czech Republic and Italy
Seidel, Antonín ; Buben, Radek (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
Since 1990s of the twentieth century to the present, the so called caretaker governments have served as a political crisis solution in the Czech Republic as well as in Italy. Caretaker government is an institute of temporary cabinets with a non-partisan prime minister. Other members of this type of government are usually non-partisan as well (but not necessarily all of them). This is the main feature that distinguishes the caretaker government from the traditional government led by political parties. The thesis aims to identify common points and circumstances leading to the establishment of caretaker governments on the example of two relatively close parliamentary republics from the institutional design's point of view. It focuses mainly on the status of political parties as it is their failure that leads to the fall of the previous cabinet and to the situation when it is impossible to form a parliamentary majority in order to establish new government led by political parties. Special attention is also paid to a role of the president of the republic. Face to face with weakened political parties, he executes his powers in a more autonomous way in accordance with a presidential accordion theory described by Mauro Tebaldi, especially his powers to appoint the prime minister which fundamentally works...
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