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Characterization of microorganisms with biodegradation potential for sulfonamides
Sedláček, Jan ; Palyzová, Andrea (advisor) ; Mikušová, Gabriela (referee)
Sulfonamides are antibiotics that are frequently used both in human and veterinary medicine. The combinations of abundant use of these antibiotics and their natural resistance to decay leads often to long term persistence in the environment. This accumulation, especially in living organisms, may lead to subsequent toxicosis. Also, presence of these antibiotic in nature poses problems with regard to the spread of genes for antibiotic resistance between potential pathogens. These facts led to an increase interest in studying the sulfonamide biodegradation and subsequent sulfonamide removal from the environment. In this work it was possible to isolate and characterize the microorganism Acinetobacter sp. strain 49. This microorganism was able to biodegrade under right conditions sulfamethoxazole with 80 % efficiency. Sulfamethoxazole is one of the most commonly found sulfonamide in the nature.
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Preparation of polyacetylenes with N-benzylidene-2-hydroxyaniline groups
Zhernakova, Yulia ; Sedláček, Jan (advisor) ; Vyskočilová, Eliška (referee)
The following monoethynylated N-benzylidene-2-hydroxyanilines were prepared: N-(4- ethynylbenzylidene)-2-hydroxyaniline, N-(3-ethynylbenzylidene)-2-hydroxyaniline, N-(4- ethynylbenzylidene)-2-hydroxy-5-nitroaniline and N-(3-ethynylbenzylidene)-2-hydroxy-5- nitroaniline, which differed in the position of the ethynyl group on the benzylidene ring and the substitution of the hydroxyaniline ring. Monoethynylated N-benzylidene-2- hydroxyanilines were used as the monomers for the chain-growth coordination homo- and copolymerization. The homopolymerization resulted in linear polyacetylene homopolymers with N-benzylidene-2-hydroxyaniline substituents. The copolymerization with multiethynylarene-type cross-linkers provided densely cross-linked copolymeric polyacetylene networks. The linear units of the networks carried N-benzylidene-2- hydroxyaniline substituents, the interconnection between the chains of the networks being realized by arene links. The texture parameters of the prepared networks significantly depended on the type of comonomers used. The highest specific surface area values (~530 m2 /g) were achieved with networks prepared by copolymerization of N-(4- ethynylbenzylidene)-2-hydroxyaniline or N-(3-ethynylbenzylidene)-2-hydroxyaniline,with 4,4'-diethynylbiphenyl used as a cross-linker. Selected...
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Structure-Space-City "Urban block completion"
Darda, Lukáš ; Sedláček, Jan (referee) ; Nový, Vítězslav (advisor)
The thesis deals with the examination of the possibility of designing a high-rise building on the corner of Milady Horákové and Černopolní streets, as a reaction to the important composition axis of the city and emphasizing the distinctive compositional element in the urban landscape, its panorama. The object takes into account the importance of the space and the complexity of the cramped parcel in relation to the adjacent building. It functionally combines commercial, residential and administrative functions with respect to the nature of the place.
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Organometallic polyacetylene networks
Šorm, David ; Sedláček, Jan (advisor) ; Balcar, Hynek (referee)
A new type of organometallic polymer networks with a covalent structure of cross-linked substituted polyacetylenes containing Cu2+ or Pd2+ ions (5 to 17 wt%) has been developed. The metal ions were complexed in the networks predominantly with two N-salicylideneaniline ligands covalently bound to two different network monomeric units. Due to the chosen method of complexation, the metal ions have actively participated (as knots of the network) in the formation of cross-linked architecture of the products. For the preparation of organometallic networks two independent methods were used: (i) the direct polymerization of organometallic monomers and (ii) the two-stage method using postpolymerization introduction of metal ions into polyacetylene polymers containing covalently bound N-salicylideneaniline proligands. The starting low-molecular-weight blocks used for the network synthesis were new substances prepared within the framework of the diploma thesis, namely monomers of the mono- and diethynylated N-salicylideneanilines type and diethynylated organometallic monomers in which two molecules of a monoethynylated N-salicylideneaniline complexed one Mt2+ ion. The ethynylated monomers were polymerized to organometallic networks or precursors of these networks via chain-growth coordination polymerization,...
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New selective adsorbents and sensors based on microporous polymers with releasable links
Hašková, Alena ; Sedláček, Jan (advisor) ; Feltl, Ladislav (referee)
A new concept of Porous Organic Polymers (POP) of the type of hyper-cross- linked networks was implemented, in which the main (polyacetylene) chains were cross-linked both by permanent (biphenylene-type) and releasable (N-benzylideneaniline-type) links. It has been shown that the azomethine groups of the N-benzylideneaniline links of the networks can be readily and efficiently dissociated by means of hydrolysis or transmination. The dissociation of the azomethine groups accompanied by links releasing leads to a change in the covalent structure and texture of the networks. The composition of the networks has been optimized to maintain porous texture after releasing the N-benzylideneaniline links. Two possibilities of potential use of the new POP type for analytical chemistry applications have been studied. It has been shown that newly prepared POPs have a high capacity in the selective and reversible chemisorption of primary aromatic amines and hydrazines from solutions. The networks can be used repeatedly for these purposes, the chemisorption being carried out through transimination in the first use and through condensation of the aldehyde and amine groups in the subsequent uses. Thus, prepared POPs could potentially serve to extract primary aromatic amines from more complex mixtures of analytes....
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