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Biography of Joseph Isaac Poppers, MS Wallach 14 (1772), in the context of early modern Jewish egodocuments
Roos, Antonín ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Sixtová, Olga (referee)
The M.A. thesis deals with the analysis of MS Jerusalem, Wallach 14 from 1772, which contains the Divrei ha-yamim shel Yosef Yitshak Poppers mi-Prag. The work consists of an edition containing an annotated transcription of the manuscript and a study that places the text in a literary and historical context. In the study, I also focus on the characters in the narrative, especially the main protagonist, the Prague merchant Yosef Yitshak Poppers. I also deal with details that are only implied in the narrative, namely, the level of medical knowledge in European countries at the time under investigation and the concept of dying in Judaism in the time before the Enlightenment.
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The publisher and bookseller Jakob B. Brandeis
Hokrová, Kamila ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Sixtová, Olga (referee)
The diploma thesis aims to introduce the Prague Jewish bookseller and publisher Jakob B. Brandeis (1835-1912) and describe his publishing strategies. Brandeis founded his publishing house in 1880, subsequently establishing a branch in Breslau (present-day Wrocław) in 1899. The key part of the diploma thesis is the catalogue of publications, which provides insights into the types of books published by the publishing house, as well as their intended readers. A significant portion of our catalogue comprises the book edition of the Jüdische Universal- Bibliothek, which was both affordable and diverse, featuring publications from both prominent and lesser-known Jewish authors. In addition, Brandeis published the Brandeisʼ illustrirter israelitischer Volkskalender, to which he also contributed. He thus continued the tradition of publishing calendars, a practice initially established by his father-in-law Wolf Pascheles, who was also a Jewish bookseller and publisher.
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Breastfeeding in Medieval and Early Modern Jewish Communities
Odvodyová, Eliška ; Žonca, Milan (advisor) ; Sládek, Pavel (referee)
The master's thesis examines attitudes towards breastfeeding in medieval Jewish communities. The study of this phenomenon in the presented thesis is based on analysis of medieval halakhic writings dealing with breastfeeding. Jewish attitudes towards breastfeeding are put into context of stream of thoughts widespread both in the Christian and Muslim communities of the same period. By this comparison between Jewish, Christian and Muslim perspectives on breastfeeding it is believed the thesis will be able to bring a better understanding of attitudes of religious authorities on this matter and to present everyday life of medieval families with children.
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Avraham Firkovich: A Portrait of Crieman Karaite, Maskil, Manuscript Collector and a Forger
Misarová, Adéla ; Boušek, Daniel (advisor) ; Sládek, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the life and activity of Avraham Firkovich, East European Karaite scholar, manuscript collector and alleged forger. The aim of the thesis is to present the significance of Firkovich's collections, that constitute a great part of Hebrew and Judeo- Arabic manuscripts in The National Library of Russia, his relations to Haskalah and maskilim, who percieved Firkovich ambivalently, and his lifelong effort to protect Crieman Karaites from anti-Jewish laws implemented by Russian Empire. The thesis endeavours to depict Fikovich's motives for forging manuscripts, to explain his theory about the origin of Crimean Karaites and to present his scholarly work. Firkovich's forged manuscripts (the Mejelis and Derbent Document), which Firkovich passed off as old colophons to Torah scrolls, served him as a foundation for his ahistorical theories about the origin of Crimean Karaites. Based on these manuscripts and other forgeries he claimed that Karaites inhabited the Crieman Peninsula before the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and therefore are not guilty for Christ's crucifixion like the rabbanites. Thus he strived to protect his community from tsarist offices and to ensure a more significant status in his community for himself.
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The Historical Development of Vocalization Systems in Hebrew
Sýkorová, Eliška ; Žonca, Milan (advisor) ; Sládek, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with three systems of Hebrew vocalization that emerged in Palestine and Babylonia between the 7th and 10th centuries. These are the Palestinian and Babylonian supralinear system and the sublinear Tiberias system, which is still in use today. The Tiberias system in this thesis serves as a means of comparing the other two systems of Hebrew vocalization and is therefore discussed in detail and given the most attention in this thesis. This bachelor thesis aims to give an introduction to each of the systems of Hebrew vocalization and to point out the main differences between the systems. The thesis focuses on the historical development of the aforementioned vocalization systems and concludes by outlining the reasons why the Tiberias system eventually emerged as the dominant one.
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The transformations of the role of woman in the Passover seder
Hetzendorfová, Valerie Rosa ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Žonca, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the role of women during the Passover seder dinner. The thesis starts by setting the historical overview of the seder dinner and by describing contemporary seder and its structure. The paper further examines relevant passages of Mishnah, Tosefta and Babylonian talmud dealing with women's obligation to keep seder mitzvot: drinking four cups of wine and reclining. The paper concentrates on two modern rituals originating in North America in the 1970s. These two rituals raise the questions of equality of Jewish women within Judaism. The first is the ritual of an orange on the seder plate, the second is the ritual of Miriam's cup. This paper also touches on the women seders from where these to new rituals could have been spread to family seder dinners.
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Childhood in the Middle Ages
Sládek, Pavel ; Matějek, Marek (advisor) ; Eliáš, Vojtěch (referee)
Title: Childhood in the Middle Ages keywords: marriage family childhood differences between female and male children education This thesis aims to describe the life of children in the Middle Ages. Due to the woman's inferior social status, female children had a more difficult position than males. This is then reflected in access to education. While young men went to university, young women stayed at home and learnt all they would later need in their married lives. Nevertheless, differences in individual families' approach to children must not be overlooked. Royal offspring would be used to further the interests of their fathers; their childhood was therefore virtually non-existent. Children from poorer families would have to take part in their parents' labours and how much time they were able devote to children's games still remains a big unknown. Some contemporary sources mention children's games and archaeological excavations prove the existence of children's toys. However, children were generally viewed as small adults and parents would wish their small children to grow up into independent adults as soon as possible. This desire was also due to high infant and child mortality. In conclusion, although childhood would most likely have existed in the Middle Ages, it only could have done so in a...
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Jiří Mordechai Langer's works
Garciová, Denisa ; Holý, Jiří (advisor) ; Sládek, Pavel (referee)
This thesis introduces Jiří Mordechai Langer, who was Czech Jewish author. Through the data of his biography describes his mental focus and some of the aspects of his works, which is inspired by it. The thesis is focused on his first book of poetry Piyutim ve-shire Yedidut, which is written in Hebrew and was published in Prague in 1929. The thesis contents translation of poetry into Czech language, description of language and form. The author describes also main topics of Langer's poetry and its place among other works by Jiří M. Langer and in tradition of Hebrew literature. Influence of Hebrew literature and Hasidism, which she finds out in the book, shows for better understanding on concrete passages. Key words Jiří Langer, jewish writers in 20th century, poetry, translation
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Israeli National Identity in the songs of Naomi Shemer
Kuželová, Mariana ; Sládek, Pavel (advisor) ; Menachem Zoufalá, Marcela (referee)
This thesis aims at describing motives of Israeli national identity, as shown in lyrics of Israeli lyricist and composer No'omi Shemer (1930-2004) in her songs written until 1967. The first chapter presents history of Hebrew ideological songs from the end of 19th century to 1960's. The second chapter examines biographical events and political events of No'omi Shemer that are relevant for understanding of her writings. Next, methods and analyses of Shemer's lyrics by Michael Gadish, which to certain extent influenced this thesis, are explained. In this chapter, the relationship between No'omi Shemer's writings and Israeli national identity of her time is also shown. The last chapter focuses on the most prevalent motives of Shemer's lyrics, namely, the Biblical motives, the motive of a soldier and the motive of building. Each motive is presented in a subchapter, which demonstrates how Shemer dealt with them. The thesis contains visual attachments as evidence of the said motives being relevant to Israeli culture of Shemer's time. In the conclusion, the thesis seeks to examine reasons for the said motives being prominent in Israeli culture and national identity of the period.
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Asymptotic properties of the C-metric
Sládek, Pavel ; Krtouš, Pavel (advisor) ; Langer, Jiří (referee) ; Ortaggio, Marcello (referee)
Asymptotic properties of the C-metric are analyzed, using a method developed in work of Tafel and coworkers[1],[2],[3]. By nding an appropriate conformal factor , it allows the investigation of the asymptotic properties of a given asymptotically at spacetime. The news function and the Bondi mass aspect are computed and their general properties are analyzed, as well as the small mass, small acceleration, small and large Bondi time limits.
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