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Turgut Özal's notion of the secularism and modernisation
Siegl, Erik ; Malečková, Jitka (advisor) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee)
This dissertation examines the relationship between Islam, secularism and modernisation in the development of the Turkish republic with particular focus on the former Prime minister and President Turgut Özal (1927-1993). It analyses his policies and thinking and puts them in the broader political and historic context based on comparison with ideological attitudes of the Kemalism and Islamism and in the context of the overall development of the state's policy towards religion. Turgut Özal led the Turkey for one decade (1983-1993). His leadership is seen by many contemporary observers in Turkey and foreign scholars as the groundbreaking period with respect to the modernisation and changing role of the Islam in the society. During his rule, Özal significantly strenghtened the state support of the Islam and thus further shifted the meaning of state's policy of secularism. Detailed analysis of his book "Turkey in Europe, Europe in Turkey" shows that his own notion of modernisation and secularism was at odds with Mustafa Kemal's ideas and practical policies as well as with the islamist conceptions of Necmettin Erbakan. In the frame of modern Turkish political thinking Özal thus represents a separate stream rooted in the tradition of right wing conservativism. In his practical policy Özal implemented a...
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Turgut Özal's notion of the secularism and modernisation
Siegl, Erik ; Malečková, Jitka (advisor) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee)
This dissertation examines the relationship between Islam, secularism and modernisation in the development of the Turkish republic with particular focus on the former Prime minister and President Turgut Özal (1927-1993). It analyses his policies and thinking and puts them in the broader political and historic context based on comparison with ideological attitudes of the Kemalism and Islamism and in the context of the overall development of the state's policy towards religion. Turgut Özal led the Turkey for one decade (1983-1993). His leadership is seen by many contemporary observers in Turkey and foreign scholars as the groundbreaking period with respect to the modernisation and changing role of the Islam in the society. During his rule, Özal significantly strenghtened the state support of the Islam and thus further shifted the meaning of state's policy of secularism. Detailed analysis of his book "Turkey in Europe, Europe in Turkey" shows that his own notion of modernisation and secularism was at odds with Mustafa Kemal's ideas and practical policies as well as with the islamist conceptions of Necmettin Erbakan. In the frame of modern Turkish political thinking Özal thus represents a separate stream rooted in the tradition of right wing conservativism. In his practical policy Özal implemented a...
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Political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its Transformation after 1989
Bumbálek, Cyril ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Kropáček, Luboš (referee) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee)
This doctoral thesis offers historical and political analysis of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It focuses on the formative period of Iranian post-revolutionary statehood and politics as well as origins of a new political system and formation of the revolutionary power structures. The author examines in detail the period of so called Iranian second republic. This era in the development of the Islamic Republic of Iran is generally defined as the period from 1989. This year brought the death of ayatollah Khomeini and the amendments of the Constitution of 1979 that have been adopted in order to adapt the system to new political reality. The absence of charismatic leadership of Khomeini requested redesign of the political system. During his lifetime, Khomeini unified the religious and political authority. His successor Ali Khamenei was neither supreme religious leader nor influential political personality with independent power base. As a consequence, he had to share political power with president Rafsanjani who was the engine behind the post-war reconstruction and the architect of economic reforms at the beginning of 90th. Khamenei was not able to play Khomeini's role of supreme arbiter. Instead, we forged an alliance with conservative clergy and supported their interests against the...
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The Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of Granada
Ženka, Josef ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Veselý, Rudolf (referee) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee)
The Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of GranadaThe Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of GranadaThe Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of GranadaThe Political and Military Elites in the Emirate of Granada (Ph.D. thesis)(Ph.D. thesis)(Ph.D. thesis)(Ph.D. thesis) PhDr. Josef Ženka Abstract The Ph.D. thesis deals with the political elites in Granada and analyzes them as a social group within its own dynamics. It is focused on their influence on political decision-making process, which is expressed by the influence of elite on reigning Naṣrid dynasty. It examines the elite denomination in contemporary Arabic written sources, their links and delimitations. These were mainly common economic and power interests. On the basis of the ǧāh pyramid it focuses on each aspect: Sovereign as a source of legitimacy of political power, the vizier as a major counterpart to the ruler, the inner circle of emir in which was concentrated the remaining part of the political elite, and also the Naṣrid women. Vizier, as the most significant part of this group, was eventually transformed to the role of regent and ruler's public representative. From the early 14th century with his power he began to tie the sovereign's power itself and he took over it almost permanently in the 15th century. The emphasis...
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The Transformation Process in Algeria (1988 - 1999)
Beránek, Zdeněk ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee)
- Transformační proces v Alžírsku (1988-1999) Předkládaná práce analyzuje politické změny v Alžírsku po roce 1988, kdy byl po nepokojích v hlavním městě zahájen liberalizační proces a urychleny ekonomické tržní reformy. Politické reformy měly posílit postavení prezidenta Bendžedída a jeho spojenců na úkor konzervativních oponentů a zároveň obnovit legitimitu režimu. Autoři reforem každopádně nepočítali s výraznějším sdílením moci. Nečekaný úspěch islamistické strany mobilizoval konzervativce a protiislamisticky zaměřené armádní velení. Zrušení voleb kvůli jednoznačnému vítězství islamistů v lednu 1992 vedlo k eliminaci islamistické i sekulární opozice. Obnovený autoritářský režim dokázal dostat pod kontrolu islamistické povstání a s pomocí MMF i kritickou ekonomickou situaci. Návrat k ústavnímu režimu proběhl bez účasti islamistické i sekulární opozice, která byla fragmentovaná a režim ji dokázal částečně kontrolovat. Po roce 1996 byl nastolen autoritářský režim s omezenými pluralitními prvky s dominantním postavením prezidenta, které je však oslabováno výrazným vlivem armádního velení. Politické strany mohou působit, ale jejich vliv je omezen. Jisté limity má i svoboda tisku. Došlo k posílení soukromého sektoru, postavení státu je však stále výrazné a ekonomika je závislá na vývozu ropy a zemního...
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Symbolism in Ibn Sina's Work: Interpretation of Initiation Stories
Vitásková, Magdaléna ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Ostřanský, Bronislav (referee) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to interpretate the stories The Living, son of the Vigilant, The Bird and Salaman and Absal, written by one of the greatest scholars of medieval Islamic East, Ibn Sina (980-1037). Unlike his philosophical and medical writings these stories have a different character and create a coherent narrative cycle. Based on their themes, narrative methods and symbolism they should be in my opinion called initiation stories. The main aim of this dissertation is thus to verify this hypothesis by means of the hermeneutic interpretation. These stories, read as a coherent cycle, show typical features of initiation genre: the hero can't find his way, his existential condition makes him desperate, he is consumed by strong desire for reaching a higher ontological degree, meets an initiator, goes through initiation rites of passage, crosses the border between the uninitiated and initiated space, reaches the final initiation through symbolic death. The interpretation of each of Ibn Sina's three writings reveals an inner coherence of the stories: The Living, son of the Vigilant focuses on the motive of an initiator-guide and the description of the stages on the initiation way leading upwards, The Bird tells in an emotional way about the state preceding the initiation and then concentrates on...
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