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Health reconstruction of individuals buried in settlements and graves in Early Bronze Age based on pathological traces on skeletons
Pankowská, Anna ; Smrčka, Václav (advisor) ; Salaš, Milan (referee) ; Horáčková, Ladislava (referee)
An increase in the diversity of Early Bronze Age (EBA) burial practices is well documented in central and southern Moravia between 2200-1500 BC. Apart from scarce cremations and pithoi burials, two more frequent parallel burial types appear. One is the standard burials in cemeteries, the other burials in settlement pits, the latter considered a deviation until recently. Thanks to recent excavations and new quantification procedures, however, abundance of settlement burials as well as uniformity and predictability of body deposition and grave equipment in pit burials has been shown. My intention is to show the existence of two parallel burial rites on the basis of bioarchaeological and archaeological evidence. I focus on the reconstruction of health and social status of individuals buried in settlement pits and graves. I observe the amount of demographic variability, diseases and trauma within each group. I suppose the distribution of diseases according to age, sex and archaeological record will be similar within each of the groups. As a result, we may speak about two equivalent burial practices. If deviations are encountered within settlement pits, however, we should speak about deviations or burials determined for a minority and homogeneous segment of population. Skeletons originate in two...
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Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones caused by taphonomic factors: Pohansko, 2nd church
Vitnerová, Tereza ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pankowská, Anna (referee)
Changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones can be caused by various taphonomic factors. It is important for our work how these changes will affects. The aim of the work was to process and subsequently evaluate the changes in the external surfaces on the lower limb bones. For analyses we chose set of adults from 2nd church burial ground Pohansko near Břeclav, we chose specifically braid of the lower limbs (cingulum membri inferioris) and free lower limb (pars libera membri inferioris). We wrote down taphonomic changes into prepared protocols, changes were typologically about damages and color changes. We used programs InkScape and AdobePhotoshop to transform paper protocols into digital form. Heat maps are outputs from this programms through them we are able to see incidence rate of individual changes. We most often detected the occurrence of an orange color on the bones of the lower limbs, so we focused on its cause. We found an increased content of silicon and aluminum in its chemical composition, so we assume that it could be an aluminosilicate weathering product. Key words: Pohansko, taphonomy, taphonomic factors, bone surface, lower limb
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Periosteal changes on the upper limb bones as the indicator of taphonomic processes (Pohansko, 2nd church)
Salavová, Šárka ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pankowská, Anna (referee)
The preservation of the bones and their appearance depends on the conditions in which the individual was buried. The aim of the diploma thesis was to explore protocols, quantify periosteal changes and try to interpret them. For quantification, we chose the upper limb - the cingulum membri superioris and pars libera membri superioris without the skeleton of the hand (ossa manus). We examined skeletal remains of 55 individuals (25 women, 30 men) from the burial site at the 2nd church in Pohansko. The burial site dates back to the Great Moravia period (the end of the 9th and beginning of the 10th century). We recorded periosteal changes in images that we digitized in InkScape. In InkScape, we localized periosteal changes, and using ImageCalculator, we found the area of percentage of periosteal changes on the bone surface. We observed two types of periosteal changes: bone damage (for example absence of periosteal surface, exposed spongiosis) and color changes (for example orange, black or green discoloration). By digitizing protocols and processing them in InkScape, we analyzed the areas of occurrence for individual periosteal changes and, using ImageCalculator, we found the most common area of periosteal changes. The most frequent bone damage was the absence of the periosteal surface and the most...
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Skull Trepanation in Prehistory of the Europe: The Oldest Surgical Procedures
Moravec, Tomáš ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pankowská, Anna (referee)
The main aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of trepanations in the prehistory of Europe and to compile a brief overview of the oldest findings in Europe and closer in the Czech Republic. At first, the thesis deals with the types of trepanations according to their execution and the problems with trepanation diagnosis, where the work focuses on various groups of defects created by different mechanisms, which can be incorrectly diagnosed as trepanations. Further, the thesis deals with the reasons for trepanation and the description of the trepanations tools and techniques used in the prehistory. It also briefly mentions the first references to surgical interventions and the origin of anesthesia. Additionally, the thesis deals with the overview of the oldest findings in Europe and the Czech Republic and their brief description. And finally, there is a mention of trepanations at the present time.
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Health reconstruction of individuals buried in settlements and graves in Early Bronze Age based on pathological traces on skeletons
Pankowská, Anna ; Smrčka, Václav (advisor) ; Salaš, Milan (referee) ; Horáčková, Ladislava (referee)
An increase in the diversity of Early Bronze Age (EBA) burial practices is well documented in central and southern Moravia between 2200-1500 BC. Apart from scarce cremations and pithoi burials, two more frequent parallel burial types appear. One is the standard burials in cemeteries, the other burials in settlement pits, the latter considered a deviation until recently. Thanks to recent excavations and new quantification procedures, however, abundance of settlement burials as well as uniformity and predictability of body deposition and grave equipment in pit burials has been shown. My intention is to show the existence of two parallel burial rites on the basis of bioarchaeological and archaeological evidence. I focus on the reconstruction of health and social status of individuals buried in settlement pits and graves. I observe the amount of demographic variability, diseases and trauma within each group. I suppose the distribution of diseases according to age, sex and archaeological record will be similar within each of the groups. As a result, we may speak about two equivalent burial practices. If deviations are encountered within settlement pits, however, we should speak about deviations or burials determined for a minority and homogeneous segment of population. Skeletons originate in two...
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