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Phonotactic framework of the Czech word and stress-group
Churaňová, Eliška ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Palková, Zdena (referee)
This master thesis provides a relatively detailed description of the consonant-vowel structure of standard spoken Czech. The first part covers approaches to and findings on the combinatorial system and distribution of sound units in speech; aspects of continuous speech segmentation into intonation phrases and stress groups, phonotactics of languages in general and Czech in particular, and speech rhythm are also addressed. Recordings of 12 professional speakers of Czech - comprising 6639 words and 5368 stress groups in total - have been used to create data sets that have enabled the author to describe CVCV structures of Czech words and stress groups. The results of this research present frequencies of words and stress groups and their relations to word-class dimension, frequencies of phones in words and stress groups; in this respect, both syllabic liquids and glottal stops have been taken into account. Further, the thesis includes an overview of the most frequent CVCV patterns in words and stress groups and their variability with regard to word classes. The final part focuses on how frequently consonants, vowels and their pairs and trios occur at different places within a unit. The results are continuously compared both between themselves and with the research that used the larger SYN2005 written...
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Sound variability of Czech interrogative sentences in spontaneous speech
Hýblová, Lucie ; Volín, Jan (referee) ; Palková, Zdena (advisor)
This work undertakes the problems of intonation in Czech. The aim of this research is to analyse and describe phonetic variability of Czech interrogative sentences, particularly in spontaneous speech. The intonation fulfils certain linguistic functions in Czech. Structures of the basic patterns of intonation (melodeme) are described and standardized, but aspects of spontaneous and dialogic utterances have not been described sufficiently yet. Our research deal with variability, occurrence and behaviour of basic types of questions (yes-no and wh-questions) and their modifications in spontaneous speech, which are given by context and situation or given by the difference between semantic and formal aspects. It was found yes-no questions (with all their modifications) to be the most frequented questions in spontaneous dialogues of our type. We also found semantic modifications to have the same distribution as the standard ones whereas formal congruent types behave unlikely. The research is based on spontaneous task-oriented dialogues and read text of dialogical character. We focuse on detail description of concrete tonal progression of melodic contour, we also take into account broader melodic context in the case of basic types of questions. We analyse both types oftext in the same manner, then the comparison is...
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Pronunciation of two distinct "i" Vowels in the East Lach dialect
Blažková, Jana ; Veroňková, Jitka (referee) ; Palková, Zdena (advisor)
The vowel inventory of standard Czech includes five short vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/ and five long vowels /a:/, /e:/, /i:/, /o:/, /u:/. Nevertheless, the dialectological literature indicates two distinct /i/ vowels, /i/ and /y/, in all the groups of the Lach dialects. The contrast of these two phonemes has a historical origin and has already disappeared in most of Czech and Moravian dialects. The objective of the diploma thesis "Pronunciation of Two Distinct /i/ vowels in the East Lach Dialect" is to witness the present state of the production and perception of two /i/ vowels in the East Lach dialect. Former dialectological texts still indicate the opposition as conserved, though considering the general recession of Czech dialects, the diploma thesis aims to verify if the East Lach dialect still distinguishes the /i/ and /y/ vowel and if this should prove to be the case, to determine the acoustic features that assure its perception. The research was based on minimal pairs and syllables, where the /i/ vowels were preceded by different consonants. The minimal pairs and syllables were inserted in text which was read by the speakers and recorded. Within the framework of the diploma thesis, 30 senior speakers of the East Lach dialect were recorded. Afterwards, six speakers were chosen to feature in two...
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Intonation of a monosyllabic word as part of a polysyllabic stress-group
Spilková, Helena ; Volín, Jan (referee) ; Palková, Zdena (advisor)
The diploma work focuses on investigating the melodic properties of compound stress-groups (i.e. polysyllabic stress-groups that include a monosyllabic word). The primary method is the analysis of melodic course in ambiguous syllable sequences. In each of these syllable sequences, one meaning alternative included a monosyllable in various positions and the other alternative was constituted by polysyllabic words only. The melodic course data are simultaneously correlated with the perception test results that provide a feedback on perception of individual instances. By comparing various instances of compound stress-groups the work pursues the detection of melodic patterns that occur in compound stress-groups unlike in simple stress-groups (formed by one word only). The work also contains a melodic transcription system design intended to retain melodic properties on the stress-group level.
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The influence of syntactic structure (conjunctions) on spoken language (utterance section, intonation, pauses). Auditory analyses
Jelínková, Ivana ; Palková, Zdena (referee) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (advisor)
The presented thesis "The Influence of Syntactic Structure (Conjunctions) on Spoken Language (Tone Unit, Intonation, Pauses) - Auditory Analyses" explores the relations between conjunctions A (AND), ŽE (THAT), ABY (IN ORDER THAT), PROTOŽE (BECAUSE), ALE (BUT) in an exactly given syntactic structure and a system descritption of phonetic form of language - the tone unite, the intonation, and the pause. This research is based on the comparison of the public read and the public notread, but prepared utterances. At first we segment the chosen examples into the stress units; then we try to confirm the hypothesis that a conjuction begins a new tone unit; within the intonation, we monitor what is typical for the melodic line in the stress unit before the conjunction; the last part of our research is dedicated to pause and to their positions near the stress unit containing the conjunction. The research is based on the auditory analyses, therefore it does not use the instrumental analyses.
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Differentiation within yeast populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: influence of cultivation conditions
Šimek, Jan ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Dostál, Jiří (referee)
Long-time research of chronologically aging yeast populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strains revealed that yeasts are able to differentiate into specialized cell types. Differentiation of liquid cultures growing in glucose rich medium and differentiation of colonies growing on solid glycerol medium has been previously studied. These populations create two fractions of cells with diverse morphology which adapt their metabolism and physiology to enable a long-term survival of the yeast population in environment with limited nutritional potential. In this study, yeast subpopulations isolated from colonies growing on solid glucose medium and liquid cultures cultivated in glycerol medium were characterized. Newly isolated cell types were compared with already known cell types isolated from colonies and liquid cultures. Selected metabolic processes and stress resistance were analysed in studied populations. Based on previous studies of yeast differentiation, a spectrum of GFP-labelled marker proteins was choosen and production and localization of these marker proteins was monitored within yeast populations. Results of the analyses showed that type of medium and cultivation influence development and metabolism of each yeast cell type. Key words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, BY4742, cell...
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Intonation characteristics of longer utterances in Czech
Čepelák, Ondřej ; Volín, Jan (referee) ; Palková, Zdena (advisor)
Výzkum intonace se těší velkému zájmu již od druhé poloviny 20. století. Jednou příčinou je intenzivní rozvoj počítačové techniky a softwaru, který poskytuje stále přesnější metody měření a umožňuje použití stále větších množství dat. Díky tomu se lze věnovat jak zpřesňování dřívějších výsledků nebo jejich konfrontaci se současným stavem (např. Jašová 2001; Hedbávná 2002), tak výzkumu voblastech, kde dřívější metody selhávaly, kde měření bylo příliš pracné nebo kde nebylo možné provést měření na systematicky uspořádaném a dostatečně velkém materiálu. K posledně jmenované problematice chce přispět tato práce. Druhou příčinou zvýšeného zájmu o výzkum intonace je rozmach komunikačních technologií a široká oblast jejich využití (např. automatická hlášení v telekomunikacích, hlasové ovládání některých funkcí vautomobilech a mluvící navigační systémy, v neposlední řadě pak software pro zrakově postižené). Současná situace tedy zdánlivě poskytuje vhodné nástroje i motivaci právě k zjišťování nových informací (nejen) o suprasegmentální stránce jazyka. Jak uvádí Volín (2004, 5), "málokdo věří v možnost vyvíjet dokonalejší syntetizéry nebo rozpoznávače řeči bez výzkumu intonace." Na druhé straně však stojí omezené možnosti výsledky interpretovat či zobecňovat a úspěšně je implementovat, přestože byly získány...
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Duration of syllabic liquids in Czech
Vernerová, Tereza ; Machač, Pavel (referee) ; Palková, Zdena (advisor)
This thesis brings basic data on duration of syllabic liquids r and l in Czech. The experiment measured the duration of syllabic and non-syllabic liquid consonants occuring in 3 stress group positions and short vowels in 2 positions; the sounds were isolated from utterances of 6 native speakers of Czech. Apart from this, the experiment also measured the syllabic liquids length on the basis of complementary utterances of 5 radio speakers. The total amount of the measured sounds was 852.
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