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Weak arithmetic theories and their models.
Glivický, Petr ; Mlček, Josef (advisor) ; Pajas, Petr (referee)
In the present thesis we study arithmetical theories in the language of arithmetic L extended by one binary functional symbol for exponentiation. For arbitrary theory in the language of arithmetic it is possible todefine its extension in this new language Le by adding axioms postulatingbasic properties of exponentiation. We consider two axiomatic systems for exponentiation - Exp1 and Exp2. Thus exponentiation is always defined axiomatically in the theories we deal with. We show that in such theories the Fermat's last theorem is unprovable no matter how strong the original theory is. In the thesis we develop a general method of construction of exponential function. This method subsists of "splitting some original exponential function in shorter segments and of rearranging them to form new exponential function which satisfies required properties. As an application of this method three independence results for stronger variants of negation of Fermat's last theorem are prooved. As a first result we construct model of theory Ar + Exp1 defined in the thesis in which the equation x + y = z has nonzero solution for cofinally many 's. The second result allows to expand an arbitrary model of I1 to model of theory Exp2 in which again Fermat's theorem is violated by cofinally many 's. The third result is a construction...
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Limit ultrapower and non-regular universe
Klimeš, Martin ; Mlček, Josef (advisor) ; Pajas, Petr (referee)
The limit ultrapower is generalized to complete distributive lattices equipped with a ultrafilter and a partition system. This construction provides a complete characterization of the internal universe in models of nonstandard set theory: we prove that bounded part of an elementary extension of a set universe is given by suitable partition ultrapower. Our special interest is in models where a weak form of standardization holds. The Rudin-Keisler preorder on ultrafilters is defined on partition systems on ultrafilters such that it corresponds to embeddings of related partition ultrapowers, whereas Rudin-Frolík ordering characterizes those embedddings which are standardizable. Finally, the problem whether set-many elements are always enough to generate the internal universe from its standard part is considered. It's shown that the existence of a narrow elementary extension which doesn't rise from adjunction of set-many elements implies an existence of highly nonregular ultrafilters, and thus is equivalent to a large-cardinal hypothesis.
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Boolean algebras and first order theories.
Cepák, Jiří ; Mlček, Josef (advisor) ; Pajas, Petr (referee)
We will study Lindenbaum algebras and algebras of definable subsets of selected first order theories: constants theory for a, Presburger, Robinson, Peano and standard arithmetic, successor theory, successor theory with zero, theory of dense linear orders without endpoints, theory of discrete linear orders, random graph theory and theory of algebraically closed fields. For finite algebras we will determine their cardinality, for countable algebras we will determine whether they are atomic or atomless and for some of them we will carry out classification up to isomorphism using algebras FA, ASA and CA. For this purpose we will prove several general theorems.
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Foundations in Central Europe: The Comparative Analysis of the Sector of Foundations in the Czech Republic, Bavaria and Hungary
Vilham, David ; Pajas, Petr (advisor) ; Deverová, Lenka (referee)
The main aim of this work is to analyze the development of the foundations sector in three countries, in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Bavaria. From methodological point of wiew it is conceived as a comparative study. The main goal is the analysis of the development of foundations in these countries, especially after the year 1989 which meant a possibility to reestablish the foundations as a full-fledged institutions of civic society. Main theoretical basis of the work is the assumption, that the interruption of natural development of foundations in the Czech Republic and Hungary after the year 1948 had significant effects on their restoration and function after the year 1989. The work aims to analyze different approaches to restoration of foundations in the Czech Republic and Hungary and to compare their different initial conditions with the conditions in Bavaria, where the development of foundations in democratic environment with the exception of the era of Nazi Germany wasn't broken. Keywords: Foundation, development, comparison, Czech Republic, Hungary, Bavaria, communism, funding, legislation, public benefit
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The conditions and opportunities of the development of civil society organizations in the field of preservation and promotion of the distinct national culture in Buryatia
Borisova, Varvara ; Pajas, Petr (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Selma (referee)
This thesis focuses on the description of real conditions and opportunities of development of civil society organizations in the field of cultural heritage preservation in Buryatia, which is a federal subject in Russia. The theoretical part includes basic approaches to the concept of civil society, the definition of culture, a brief excursus into the history of civic activism in Russia, and an overview of laws and regulations governing the activities of Russian non-profit organizations. In the second part the author, through semi-structured interviews and a document analysis, seeks to provide a detailed insight into the context in which the organized civil society exists in Buryatia nowadays and to understand what role it plays in the process of rediscovering and promoting the Buryat national culture that was suppressed during the Soviet period. The conclusions of the thesis point to general improvement in the conditions for civil society in Buryatia over the last 27 years, and also contain recommendations on a range of actions that should help overcome the current barriers. Key words: civil society, non-profit organization, culture, nation, national revival, Buryatia, Post- Soviet period, democracy.
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Organized Civil Society from the Perspective of Vaclav Havel, Vaclav Klaus and Milos Zeman.
Simon, Filip ; Pajas, Petr (advisor) ; Navrátil, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to compare the concept of the civil society and the attitudes towards it, as understood by Vaclav Havel, Vaclav Klaus and Milos Zeman. Furthermore, the thesis examines the evolutions of their attitudes and their particular actions within the organized civil society. The comparison is carried out using available materials and relevant existing works by authors expertizing in the authors' political legacy. The first part introduces basic terms and three crucial phases in the development of Czech civil society. The second part critically analyses the authors' attitude to organized civil society. Comparison findings suggest that their concept of civil society does not concur: their attitude to influential organizations of civil society varies, yet a certain agreement is apparent in their support of voluntary activities of various interest groups.
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Organizational changes in Civil Society Organizations, depending on subsidies from the EU
Ďurčaťová, Alice ; Šloufová, Romana (advisor) ; Pajas, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the organizational changes in connection with the use of subsidies from the European Union. It focuses on the changes and processes in civil society Organizations, these processes identifies and describes. It also examines which of them can lead to the successful functioning of the organization. Based on the theoretical assumption that in civil society organizations certain organizational changes occur as a result of subsidies from the EU. This assumption is based on findings from previous published studies and work. Presented theory are demonstrated on examples of good practice, using case study.
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Evaluation of Study Visits as a Form of International Cooperation between NGOs.
Puzdrova, Maryna ; Pospíšilová, Tereza (advisor) ; Pajas, Petr (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to assess the usefulness of study visits organised by Czech civil society organisations as a form of international cooperation in the period 2006 - 2010 and to map out the possibilities for making study visits for Belarusian participants in the Czech Republic more effective. An additional goal of this study is to identify potential opportunities for increasing the impact of study visits and long-term cooperation with the Belarusian non- governmental sector. This thesis also describes the phenomena of democracy assistance the whole and its positive and negative aspects in Belarus. Besides that, this paper focuses on the notion of democracy assistance in the context of the Czech Republic. Key words: democracy assistance, transition promotion, civil society, Belarus, study visits
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Enterprising of Civic Associations in Czech Republic according to new Legal Regulation
Gregor, Tomáš ; Deverová, Lenka (advisor) ; Pajas, Petr (referee)
Enterprising of Civic Associations in Czech Republic according to new Legal Regulation This Thesis concerns with Enterprising of Civic Associations in Czech Republic according to new legal regulation. 1st January 2014 the New Czech Civil Code comes into operation and brings alteration that affects all most of the Non-profit organizations in Czech Republic. New legal regulation provides Civic Associations possibility to transform them into another Legal Form of organization. It provides also new opportunities for Associations' business. In the empiric part of the Thesis three following Czech Civic Associations and their business activities are introduced. Ekodomov, o. s. POHODA, o. s. - society for disabled people's normal live Pragulic, o. s. - Get to know Prague in different way! Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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