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Analysis of the institutional framework for management of selected ecosystems in the Eastern Ore Mountains
Kratochvíl, Martin ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Osersová, Marta (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze and calculate the economic value of selected ecosystem services in the Eastern Ore Mountains and then analyze together with quantitative research, which was held simultaneously with the data collection survey. Selected ecosystems are typical for the Eastern Ore Mountains and provide recreational and aesthetic function. Contingent valuation method and method of choice experiment are used to calculate the economic value. The analysis of qualitative research is carried out by institutional analysis. Contingent valuation method is used to determine the willingness to pay for preserving the aesthetic function of mountain meadows in the Eastern Ore Mountains. Quantifying the economic value together with qualitative research may help to define tools for maintenance management of ecosystems that help to protect, maintain or restore ecosystem. Some methods of evaluation of environmental goods and institutional analysis are described in the theoretical section. The practical part is focused on the results of a questionnaire survey with a qualitative interpretation of the results.
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Comparative Analysis of Selected Waste Management Systems in the United States
Brožová, Eva Antonie ; Osersová, Marta (advisor) ; Ropický, Jan (referee)
This thesis concerns a comparison of two currently the most frequently occuring recycling waste systems in the United States of America -- Single stream and Dual stream recycling systems and an assessment of feasible utilization of Single stream system in the Czech Republic. The comparison is performed from several aspects: investment costs, operating costs, costs of the processors of secondary raw materials, costs of environmental pollution caused by CO2, SO2 and NOx, capacity utilization and citizens participation in the system, focusing on a single commodity; paper and cardboard waste. As according to realized studies the systems represent different load for individual entities in the economy cost-benefit method is used for the comparison. Using this method, four collection areas and the most important beneficiaries (municipal entity, secondary raw materials processors, landfill and residents) involved in the system are analyzed in the state of Pennsylvania. None of the existing studies did not take into account costs and benefits of more than one entity so far. In the Czech Republic no such studies have been realized, therefore this issue has become the subject of this thesis. In term of costs and benefits for the municipal entity the results of realized studies coincide in results of this thesis, i.e. Dual stream recycling system is more suitable for small collection areas. However from the point of view of all the major beneficiaries results of this thesis vastly differ. Based on this analysis it can be concluded that any of the above mentioned systems is not suitable for small communities, regarding the fact the values for the Single stream system are less negative. Application of Single stream system in the Czech Republic, namely in Prague, with all its limitations (we assume costs derived from the U.S. market) comes more favorable than the currently implemented system.
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Littering in Řevnice. What to do with it?
Hlaváček, Jan ; Osersová, Marta (advisor) ; Louda, Jiří (referee)
This thesis investigates problem which is called littering. It analyzes causes, impacts and potential ways of solving this phenomenon. The thesis searches for an optimal littering problem solution. It comes to the conclusion that the most suitable option is focusing on a complex informational and educational campaigns. Optimization of litter bins net works well as a complement.
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The influence of planned project KIC Odpady (WtE) in Karviná city on residents' attitude and the strength of NIMBY effect
Ryba, Jakub ; Slavík, Jan (advisor) ; Osersová, Marta (referee)
Although there is, in general, a significant level of support of projects related to use of renewable resources, in fact realization of the specific projects usually meets with negative attitude of local residents. This negative attitude is often called as NIMBY ("not in my backyard") effect without further research of particular causes. Therefore, in the theoretical part of this diploma thesis NIMBY effect is defined, as well as various attitudes to its interpretation in literature and also the effect of various compensation on changing residents' attitude. In the practical part, this diploma thesis analyses residents' attitude, the existence and strength of NIMBY effect and the effect of compensation on changing residents attitude towards the specific planned project of building WtE in Karviná city (KIC). The results of this analyzation show, that NIMBY effect is detected, but at the same time it is not the main cause of the negative attitude of residents. Moreover, it has been found out, that the offered compensation have not any important influence on the change of residents' attitude.
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Effectiveness of Intermunicipal Cooperation in the Provision of Environmental Services in the Waste Management
Křížková, Markéta ; Slavík, Jan (advisor) ; Osersová, Marta (referee)
Municipalities within their jurisdiction must provide their citizens with a range of services which are often very financial demanding for many of them and are a heavy burden on their local budgets. In addition, in this area municipalities are also imposed to a number of conditions and objectives defined by the basic documents for waste management in the Czech Republic. One possible solution to these problems is to provide services through intermunicipal-cooperation. In this thesis there are analyzed the possibilities of using this form of service provision in the area of waste management in the Czech Republic. The first part is an introduction to this topic, defining the fundamental objectives specified in the Waste Management Plan and other official documents, legal conditions for cooperation between municipalities and a summary of foreign experience with the cooperation of municipalities. In the practical part these findings are tested through a questionnaire survey on the real experiences of existing unions in the Czech Republic, which shows that inter-municipal cooperation is not in our circumstances sufficiently and comprehensively utilized; the municipalities leave most of the competencies on themselves. To improve this situation could help more effective state support and change of certain legal conditions.
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Comparative analysis of instruments for regulation of biodegradable municipal waste foccused on tradable permits
Kliková, Petra ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Osersová, Marta (referee)
The problem of biodegradable municipal waste which is being placed on landfills has become a current introduction of Council Directive 99/31/EC on the landfill of waste for the member states of the European Union, which attempts to solve problems caused by placing these types of waste on landfills; it concerns chiefly the genesis of greenhouse gas. Some countries therefore also utilize the economic instruments of the environment politics, to a greater or smaller extent, in their waste strategies for fulfilling their goals. The work analyzes two chosen market based instruments that are being used in the given issue, specifically tradable permissions which Great Britain uses in its programme Landfill Allowances Trading Scheme (LATS), and charges for the waste landfills which are being asserted in Czech Republic. Using the comparative analysis, performed by the methodology designed by OECD, it is being observed how effectively the chosen instrument affects the given problem.
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Transparency of grant policy in towns of Czech Republic
Vlčková, Gabriela ; Vejchodská, Eliška (advisor) ; Osersová, Marta (referee)
The (Master's) Thesis deals with the process of awarding the grants to the municipalities. The main emphasis of the Thesis is put on the following questions: who (political representatives in particular committees, councils and local authorities, or clerks), under which standards and in what way decides about the funds distribution. The research will be made in chosen municipalities. There will be given certain standards that will serve as a base for the research analysis of the transparency of the process of awarding the grants. In the primary phase, the data will be collected by the means of standardized interview of particular municipal employees concerned with grant policy. The secondary phase of the research will be based on desk research method. The research will challenge the hypothesis that the grant programmes in municipalities are transparent. Among the analyzed variables, there are objectives of the grant, requirements for awarding of the grant, authors of the grants, people responsible for awarding of the grants, grant beneficiaries, the amount of contributions, supervision over funds distribution and release of the grants.
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Global economic recession on trhe market for secondary raw materials and its solutions with the view of institutional analysis
Osersová, Marta ; Slavík, Jan (advisor) ; Šeflová, Jitka (referee)
At the end of 2008, the sector of secondary raw materials, as well as a major part of other sectors of economy, has been hit by a global economical recession. In comparison with usual incidences as sales, employment or payment problems, the recession had here, nevertheless, one specificity -- impact upon environment. The secondary raw materials are used to be employed by the manufacturers to the production of goods provided their price is lower than this of primary commodities. However, in the said period, consumer demand and production decreased, and in this consequence also prices of primary raw materials diminished heavily. Thereby the market of secondary raw materials practically stopped. But it was not possible to stop also their production, because recycling, process of secondary raw materials manufacture, is compulsory in the EU countries. Due to this situation, fears on the collapse of the whole system of waste separation occurred, but also different proposals for solutions of this problem appeared. Although the situation on the market for secondary raw materials in the latest months starts to be stabilized, this problem is always actual and that's why it became also theme of this dissertation. Thus, this diploma paper's objective is to make an attempt to characterize the current situation in the market for secondary raw materials with the exploitation of the institutional analysis and, subsequently, to examine its changes evoked by the introduction of the "anti-crisis" measures. The practical part of these theses is based on the application of the method developed by proprietress of the Nobel Prize for economy for 2009, Elinor Ostrom, and her colleagues at Indiana University, so-called IAD Framework -- Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. This selected research method is relatively unknown in our place and so a quite new and authentic view at this whole matter can be therefore expected.
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Economic analysis of the waste transfer over the frontier
Osersová, Marta ; Slavíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
This paper is aiming at an economic analysis of the waste transfer over the frontier. The transfer of the waste over the frontier is legally arranged by Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on shipments of waste and by Act 185/2001 on waste and amendement of some other acts, in the wording of later regulations. The purpose of waste transferring has got a key significance. The waste which is to be recovered can be imported in the Czech Republic and put on free secondary raw materials market providing the conditions stipulated in the law are performed. The waste which is to be disposed of is not allowed to be imported in the Czech Republic Nevertheless, there are economic bodies, both on the side of demand and on the side of supply, that are interested in this service. The existent demand which can be met by an adequate supply makes a space for the business. However, the business can't be realized legally because of a legal impediment. That is why we are facing a rise in the gray economy The paper has tried to describe the conditions and the acting of the business on secondary raw materials market and to point out the benefits brought in the involved persons and the society as a whole by this usiness. We also wanted to expose the loss of private and social benefits caused by the ban on dealing in disposing of waste and by acting of the gray economy.
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